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为阐明籼、粳超级稻干物质积累及光合生产特征的差异,以江苏地区大面积推广种植的5个超级杂交籼稻组合和5个常规粳型超级稻品种为试验材料,对稻麦两熟制条件下籼、粳超级稻干物质积累、分配、运转及叶面积、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率、秧苗素质、叶型等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明,粳稻生育前期(移栽至拔节期)干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率及上三叶叶长、叶基角、叶开角、披垂度和叶面积衰减率、收获指数均小于籼稻,而生育中后期(拔节至成熟期)干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率及有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、粒叶比(颖花/叶、实粒/叶、粒重/叶)、最大叶面积指数、总充实量、实收产量、生物产量、茎鞘最大输出量和表观输出量及比率均大于籼稻,差异显著或极显著。虽然粳稻主要生育期单茎干物重均不及籼稻,但群体数量优势保证粳稻具有较高的群体干物质积累量和叶面积,且随着生长发育的持续,群体光合物质生产优势不断加大,群体干物质积累量于抽穗后25 d前后超过籼稻。粳稻灌浆后期(乳熟至成熟期)仍保持强劲生长优势,而灌浆初期(抽穗至乳熟期)茎鞘贮存物质合理输出,有效保障了高效光合层的安全支撑及高积累产量库的流畅充实。高生物学产量的稳定形成和叶面积“稳升缓降”态势以及拔节至成熟期较强的高效光合物质生产,是粳稻光合系统高效持续产出、灌浆充实多及高产形成的重要特征和原因。
In order to elucidate the difference of dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic characteristics in indica and japonica super rice, five super hybrid indica rice varieties and five conventional japonica super rice varieties popularized in large area in Jiangsu Province were used as experimental materials. Under the conditions of indica and japonica rice dry matter accumulation, distribution, operation and leaf area, photosynthetic potential, population growth rate, net assimilation rate, seedling quality, leaf type and other aspects of a systematic comparative study. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic potential, population growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf length, leaf base angle, leaf opening angle, leaf drape and leaf area attenuation in the early rice growth stage (transplanting to jointing stage) The rate of harvest and the index of harvest were less than that of indica rice while the dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic potential, population growth rate, net assimilation rate and effective leaf area ratio, high leaf area ratio, / Leaf, grain / leaf, grain weight / leaf), maximum leaf area index, total forage yield, harvest yield, biomass yield, maximum output and apparent output and ratio of stem and sheath were significantly higher than those of indica rice Significant. Although the single stem dry weight of japonica rice was lower than that of indica rice in its main growing period, population quantity advantage ensured that japonica rice had higher dry matter accumulation and leaf area. With the growth and development continuing, the production advantages of photosynthetic material were increased. Dry matter accumulation exceeded that of indica rice about 25 days after heading. During the late grain filling stage (from ripening to maturing), japonica rice still maintained a strong growth advantage, while the stem-sheath storage material at the early filling stage (heading to milky ripening stage) was rationally exported, effectively guaranteeing the safe support of high photosynthetic layer and the smooth enrichment of high accumulation pool . The stable formation of high biological yield and leaf area “steady and slow down ” situation and the production of photosynthate with high photosynthesis efficiency from jointing stage to mature stage are the important characteristics of Japonica rice photosynthesis system with high and sustainable output, abundant filling and high yield formation And the reason.