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一、引言 交通拥挤、交通安全和交通环境是当今交通领域的三大关键难题。随着交通问题的日益严重和交通设施建设成本的日益高涨,欧洲、日本从80年代中期就开始了有组织、有计划的信息化交通研发工作。从欧日的研究中,美国最先认识到了信息化交通的市场价值,于1989年成立了IVHS-America(IVHS:Intelligent Vehicle-HighwaySystem,智能车路系统)协会,并于1994年更名为ITS-America(ITS:IntelligentTransportation System,智能交通系统)协会。为了抢占产业和市场的主导权,发达国家竞相投入巨额研究资金,仅美
I. INTRODUCTION Traffic congestion, traffic safety and traffic environment are the three key problems in the transportation field today. With the increasing traffic problems and the ever-increasing cost of transportation facilities, Japan and Japan started the organized and planned R & D of informationized traffic since the mid-1980s. In the study of Europe and Japan, the United States first recognized the market value of informationized transportation. In 1984, it established the IVHS-Intelligent Vehicle-Highway System (IVHS) Association and changed its name to ITS- America (ITS: Intelligent Transportation System) Association. In order to seize the dominance of the industry and the market, developed countries are competing to invest huge research funds, only the United States