论文部分内容阅读
一、概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，也许与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
二、用法
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词为： 动词过去式（be动词都用were）
主句的谓语动词为： should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形
例如： If I were you，I would buy the blue one.
如果我是你，我将买那个蓝色的。 （与事实相反，我不可能是你）
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词为： had + 动词的过去分词
主句的谓语动词为： should/ would/ could/ might + have+ 动词的过去分词
例如： If I had finished my homework on time，I wouldn’t have been punished.
如果我按时完成了作业，我就不会受到现在的惩罚了。（我实际没有完成作业）
强化训练
I.单项选择题。
( ) 1.Without electricity，human life _________ quite different from today.
A.is B.will be
C.would be D.looks like
( ) 2.If I were not so busy，I _________ to help you.
A.come B.came
C.will come D.would come
( ) 3.I wonder if I _________ the people at the party this evening.If I _________ anyone，I will be nervous.
A.will know；won’t know
B.will know；don’t know
C.know；don’t know
D.know；won’t know
( ) 4.If I _________ you，I would take a long walk after eating dinner.
A.amB wasC.wereD.is
( ) 5.If I _________ time，I could play with you.
A.have B.has C.will have D.had
( ) 6.If he _________ the bus this morning，he would not have been late for school.
A.catch B.catches C.caught D.had caught
( ) 7.Tom is a doctor，but if he_________ a teacher，he _________ be more serious.
A.is，willB.is，wouldC.were，would D.was，would
( ) 8.If there _________ no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.
A.isB.beC.was D.were
II.根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.如果我有一百万，我将环游世界。
If I _________ one million dollars，I _________ _________ _________ _________ _________.
2.假如我是一名医生，我将帮助他。
If I _________ a doctor，I _________ _________ _________.
3.如果你赢得了比赛，你将怎么去做？
If you _________ the game，what _________ _________ _________?
4.如果他是一名老师，他将帮助我学习英语。
If he _________ a teacher，he _________ _________ me _________ _________ English.
5.如果我有时间，我会和她去看电影。
If I had time，Ithe movies_________.
Keys:
介词by用法小结：
1.by working with a group 2.by the lake 3.by plane/by air /by airplane 4.By the way 5.By the end of last month 6.by writing 7.one by one 8.with his left hand 9.in Japanese 10.by bike/ on a bike/on his bike
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，也许与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
二、用法
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词为： 动词过去式（be动词都用were）
主句的谓语动词为： should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形
例如： If I were you，I would buy the blue one.
如果我是你，我将买那个蓝色的。 （与事实相反，我不可能是你）
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词为： had + 动词的过去分词
主句的谓语动词为： should/ would/ could/ might + have+ 动词的过去分词
例如： If I had finished my homework on time，I wouldn’t have been punished.
如果我按时完成了作业，我就不会受到现在的惩罚了。（我实际没有完成作业）
强化训练
I.单项选择题。
( ) 1.Without electricity，human life _________ quite different from today.
A.is B.will be
C.would be D.looks like
( ) 2.If I were not so busy，I _________ to help you.
A.come B.came
C.will come D.would come
( ) 3.I wonder if I _________ the people at the party this evening.If I _________ anyone，I will be nervous.
A.will know；won’t know
B.will know；don’t know
C.know；don’t know
D.know；won’t know
( ) 4.If I _________ you，I would take a long walk after eating dinner.
A.amB wasC.wereD.is
( ) 5.If I _________ time，I could play with you.
A.have B.has C.will have D.had
( ) 6.If he _________ the bus this morning，he would not have been late for school.
A.catch B.catches C.caught D.had caught
( ) 7.Tom is a doctor，but if he_________ a teacher，he _________ be more serious.
A.is，willB.is，wouldC.were，would D.was，would
( ) 8.If there _________ no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.
A.isB.beC.was D.were
II.根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.如果我有一百万，我将环游世界。
If I _________ one million dollars，I _________ _________ _________ _________ _________.
2.假如我是一名医生，我将帮助他。
If I _________ a doctor，I _________ _________ _________.
3.如果你赢得了比赛，你将怎么去做？
If you _________ the game，what _________ _________ _________?
4.如果他是一名老师，他将帮助我学习英语。
If he _________ a teacher，he _________ _________ me _________ _________ English.
5.如果我有时间，我会和她去看电影。
If I had time，Ithe movies_________.
Keys:
介词by用法小结：
1.by working with a group 2.by the lake 3.by plane/by air /by airplane 4.By the way 5.By the end of last month 6.by writing 7.one by one 8.with his left hand 9.in Japanese 10.by bike/ on a bike/on his bike