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在机车的运行过程中,轮对承受机车全部重量和侧向压力。为使轮对能在钢轨上平稳运行并顺利通过曲线,规定了轮箍标准外形。轮箍上与钢轨顶面接触的部分称“踏面”,与钢轨内侧接触的部分称“轮缘”。由于轮箍踏面的标准形状为锥形,当车轮侧向贴靠钢轨时,轮与轨之间呈两点接触,如图2所示。由于轮缘与钢轨的接触点C和踏而与钢轨的接触点A不在同一个横向垂直面上(不是靠前,就是靠后),因此,轮缘的磨耗总比踏面的为快。
During the operation of the locomotive, the wheelset withstands the full weight and lateral pressure of the locomotive. In order for the wheelset to run smoothly on the rail and smoothly pass the curve, the standard profile of the wheel rim is specified. The portion of the tire in contact with the top of the rail is called the “tread”, and the portion in contact with the inside of the rail is called the “rim”. Since the standard shape of the wheel tread is tapered, when the wheel is laterally in contact with the rail, the wheel and rail are in contact at two points, as shown in FIG. 2. The rim wear is always faster than the tread because the contact point C between the rim and the rail and the contact point A of the rail with the rail are not on the same transverse vertical plane (either forward or rearward).