普及良种是增加农业生产最经济最有效的办法,而广泛的发动群众选种换种,是完成中央号召五年普及良种的基本措施。现距麦收为期不远,各级政府应即依照中央农业部发动夏季选种运动指示及各地区所订的本年粮食种子工作计划,及时布置,并列为夏收中心工作,成立或恢复整理各级选种委员会(其另有农业生产组织,可代行此项业务的,得不另设)。开好县区干部会议,并通过各种集会,利用各种宣传方法,结合爱国生产运动,作广泛的宣传动员,由干部劳模带头以掀起选种换种热潮。为此特作如下指示:(一)普遍号召农民进行田间选种,把生长健壮,形状整齐,成熟期一律的好种子选出来,尽量做到「家家选种,户户留种。」在有条件地区要求做到田间或场上「穗选」,把优良单穗选出,留供种用。在基础较差的地区要求做到「片选」或「块选」从大田里划出一块生长最好的麦田,去杂去劣,拔除病株,单打单存,留供今秋种植之用。选留种子数量,应以秋季播种所需数量为标准。去年水灾地区所种小麦,多系救灾种子,品种十分混杂,对于产量品质,影响很大,今夏尤应注意选留形状相同,成熟期一律和生长茂盛的麦种。(二)掌握重点县,进行评选。评选方法应总结去年评选经验及参照中央农业部颁发之万年良种普及计划草案进行。(1)每一专区内,应选择工作基础较好县份一至二县划为「评选县」,在评选县的各区内,每区都按区内不同环境和不同麦种分面情形,选 The popularization of improved varieties is the most economical and effective way to increase agricultural production. The extensive mobilization of seed selection by the masses is the basic measure to accomplish the five-year popularization of improved varieties by the Central Government. It is not far from the close of wheat harvest. Governments at all levels should promptly arrange and follow the instructions of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China on mobilizing the summer seeding campaign and the current grain seed work plan set by all regions, and establish or resume the work of summer harvest centers at all levels The selection committee (which has another agricultural production organization that can take the place of business, may not be provided separately). Open good county cadres meeting, and through various rallies, using various publicity methods, combined with the patriotic production movement, for a wide range of publicity and mobilization, led by cadres of laborers to set off breeding alternative. For this purpose, we hereby make the following special instructions: (1) It is generally called for farmers to conduct field selection and to select good seeds with strong growth, neat shape and mature maturity, and try their best to make “ Conditional areas are required to do field or field ”spike election“, to select a good single spike, leaving for the use. In areas with poor basic conditions, ”patch selection“ or ”block selection“ is required to draw one of the best-growing wheat fields from the field, go to the wrong places, remove the diseased ones, save the single for the purpose of planting this autumn. The number of seeds reserved for selection should be based on the quantity required for planting in autumn. Last year, the wheat planted in flood-prone areas was mostly mixed with disaster-relief seeds. The varieties were very mixed with great impact on yield and quality. This summer, special attention should be paid to selecting wheat varieties with the same shape, mature stage and flourishing growth. (B) master key counties, selected. Selection methods should be summarized last year’s selection experience and reference to the Central Ministry of Agriculture issued a draft universal plan for years to carry out. (1) Each prefecture should have a good foundation of work. County One to Two counties are designated as ”selected counties." In each district within the districts selected,