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【目的】研究酸性矿山废水中真核生物的群落结构特征以及群落结构与环境因子之间的关系。【方法】利用分子生物学方法,通过构建18S rRNA基因克隆文库进行系统发育分析;利用典范对应分析(CCA)方法解析环境因子对真核生物群落结构的影响。【结果】系统发育分析表明:子囊菌门(Ascomycota)普遍存在于4个样品中,并在样品1和样品3中占统治地位,而绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)分别为样品2和样品4的优势类群。该酸性矿山废水中的克隆与许多已知的耐酸耐重金属真核生物亲缘关系较近,如Sarcinomyces petricola、Penicillium janthinellum、Coniochaeta velutina、Trichoderma viride、Chlorellaprotothecoides var.acidicola、Ochromonas sp.等。此外,样品中还存在大量的已知人类病原菌,如Lecythophorahoffmannii、Cryptococcus neoformans。CCA分析表明:TN、SO24-、Fe2+、Eh是影响真核生物群落空间分布的主要因素。【结论】所研究的酸性矿山废水中真核生物的群落结构在时间和空间上均有较大差异,这可能与水体的理化性质有关;高含量人类致病菌的存在是之前研究所未发现的;酸性环境中真核生物的生态学研究有助于开发高效处理酸性矿山废水的方法。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of community structures of eukaryotes in acidic mine wastewater and the relationship between community structure and environmental factors. 【Method】 The molecular phylogeny was used to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of 18S rRNA gene clone library. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) method was used to analyze the influence of environmental factors on the eukaryotic community structure. 【Result】 Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ascomycota was commonly found in 4 samples and dominated samples 1 and 3, while Chlorophyta and Basidiomycota were The dominant taxa of sample 2 and sample 4. Clones in the acid mine waste water are closely related to many known acid-tolerant heavy metal eukaryotes such as Sarcinomyces petricola, Penicillium janthinellum, Coniochaeta velutina, Trichoderma viride, Chlorella protothecoides var. Acididola, Ochromonas sp. And the like. In addition, a large number of known human pathogens are also present in samples, such as Lecythophora hoffmannii, Cryptococcus neoformans. CCA analysis showed that TN, SO24-, Fe2 + and Eh are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of eukaryotes. 【Conclusion】 The eukaryotic community structures in acidic mine wastewater are different in time and space, which may be related to the physicochemical properties of water bodies. The presence of high content of human pathogens is not found in previous studies ; The ecological studies of eukaryotes in acidic environments have helped to develop methods to efficiently treat acid mine wastewaters.