柏林技术大学的一个科研组多年来研究了复杂精矿中铅、锑、锌和铋等杂质在分散性反应和熔炼体系中(类似于试验室规模的闪速熔炼)的挥发问题。将试验测得的这些元素在气相和液相问的分配,与取自有关硫化物现代火法冶金过程(奥托昆普闪速熔炼,诺兰达、TBRC法)的文献数据加以比较。 A research group at the Technical University of Berlin has studied the volatilization of impurities such as lead, antimony, zinc and bismuth in complex concentrates for many years in volatile reactions and in smelting systems (similar to laboratory-scale flash smelting). The distribution of these measured elements in the gas and liquid phases as measured by the experiment is compared with the literature data taken from the modern pyrometallurgical processes relating to sulfides (Outokumpu Flash Smelting, Nolanda, TBRC method).