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目的了解肾病患者的心理健康与人格特征状况及两者之间的关系。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ成人版)对169位肾病住院患者进行了调查。结果 1肾病患者SCL-90总均分及各因子分都显著高于常模(t=7.397～15.288,P<0.001);2男女肾病患者的精神质得分都显著高于常模(男性患者t=4.577,P<0.001;女性患者t=4.494,P<0.001),内外向得分与常模无显著差异(P>0.05),女性患者的神经质得分显著高于常模(t=4.933,P<0.001),男性患者神经质得分与常模无显著差异(P>0.05);3精神质与人际关系、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性及总均分存在显著的正相关(r=0.207～0.334,P<0.01),内外向与躯体化、敌对和偏执存在显著地正相关(r=0.180～0.276,P<0.05或P<0.01),神经质与SCL-90各因子都存在显著地正相关(r=0.456～0.637,P<0.01);4神经质对心理健康各维度及总均分都有明显的预测作用(P<0.01),内外向对躯体化、敌对、偏执有明显的预测作用(P<0.01或P<0.05),精神质对强迫症状、抑郁、敌对有明显的预测作用(P<0.05)。结论肾病患者心理健康总体处于较差状态,其人格特征以孤独、固执、缺乏同情心、情绪稳定性较差为主要特征,不同人格特征的患者易出现的心理问题不同。
Objective To understand the mental health and personality characteristics of patients with nephropathy and the relationship between the two. Methods 169 inpatients with nephropathy were investigated using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ Adult). Results The total score of SCL-90 and the scores of each factor in 1 nephropathy patients were significantly higher than those in the normotensive patients (t = 7.397 ~ 15.288, P <0.001). The mental scores of 2 patients with nephropathy were significantly higher than those in the normotopes = 4.577, P <0.001; female patients t = 4.494, P <0.001). There was no significant difference between the external and internal scores and the norm (P> 0.05). The neurotic score of female patients was significantly higher than that of the norm (t = 4.933, 0.001). There was no significant difference in neurotic score between male patients and norm (P> 0.05) .3 There was a significant positive correlation between psychoticism and interpersonal relationship, anxiety, hostility, horror, paranoid psychosis and total score (r = 0.334, P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between extroversion and somatization, hostility and paranoid (r = 0.180-0.276, P <0.05 or P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between neuroticism and SCL-90 (r = 0.456-0.637, P <0.01) .4 The neuroticism had a significant predictive effect on all dimensions of mental health and the overall mean score (P <0.01), and the extroversion had a significant predictive effect on somatization, hostility and paranoia P <0.01 or P <0.05), psychoticism had obvious predictive value on obsessive compulsive symptoms, depression and hostility (P <0.05). Conclusion The mental health of patients with nephropathy is generally in a poor state. The personality characteristics of patients with nephropathy are characterized by loneliness, stubbornness, lack of compassion, and poor emotional stability. Patients with different personality traits tend to have different psychological problems.