中国北方农牧交错带耕地时空分异及驱动因素

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耕地是保障国家粮食安全的重要载体.以中国北方农牧交错带为例,基于2000、2010、2020年3期遥感影像数据,综合运用转移矩阵、空间自相关分析、空间计量模型等方法系统分析了2000—2020年中国北方农牧交错带耕地时空分异特征及影响因素.研究结果表明:(1)2000—2020年中国北方农牧交错带耕地面积由268959.49 km2增加到269471.62 km2,耕地变化主要表现为耕地与林地、草地之间的相互转化.在垂直方向上,耕地变化主要发生于海拔1000~2000 m以及坡度0~5°的地区.(2)2000—2020年中国北方农牧交错带耕地分布具有明显的空间集聚特征,整体呈现东高西低、北高南低的空间格局.耕地主要分布于研究区东北部的河谷平原及中西部的黄河谷地,地形较为复杂的高原边缘山区、丘陵沟壑区耕地分布较少.(3)2000—2020年气候、地形等自然环境因素是中国北方农牧交错带耕地空间分布的基础条件,社会经济因素和区域政策因素是耕地时空分异的重要推动因素.其中,年均气温、道路密度以及生态退耕政策、土地利用管控政策等对耕地时空分异的影响为正,坡度、经济密度对耕地时空分异的影响为负.
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