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粗油水乳状液相对于稳定的油水乳状液而言,其静置会出现两相分离的现象,类似于两相管流的分散程度。针对现有乳状液表观黏度理论不适用于粗油水乳状液的问题,采用Haake RS 6000流变仪对不同含油率下粗乳状液的流变曲线进行测量,同时观察温度变化对粗乳状液黏度的影响。研究结果表明:粗乳状液因含油率不同而表现出不同类型的非牛顿流体特征,水为连续相时表现为膨胀性流体,油为连续相时表现为假塑性流体。乳状液的黏度随含油率升高逐渐增加,并在60%含油率处达到最大值,当含油率继续升高时,随着含油率升高,其黏度逐渐减小至纯油的黏度值。在不同温度下,相同含油率的乳状液黏度随着温度升高呈指数规律降低。此外,根据实验数据对已有的油水乳状液黏度计算模型进行评估,并对应用于低含油率粗乳状液的黏度模型进行修正,提高了预测精度。对粗油水乳状液流变性的研究成果,将进一步提高原油开采及运输中管道压降预测的精度,为管道运输系统的精确设计提供可靠的物性参数。(图9,表3,参20)
Crude oil-water emulsion Relative to the stable oil-water emulsion, the static phase separation occurs two-phase phenomenon, similar to the two-phase flow dispersion. Aiming at the problem that the apparent viscosity theory of the existing emulsion is not suitable for the crude oil-water emulsion, the rheological curve of the crude emulsion with different oil-content was measured with a Haake RS 6000 rheometer. The viscosity change of the crude emulsion Impact. The results show that the crude emulsion shows different types of non-Newtonian fluid characteristics due to different oil content, expansive fluid when water is continuous phase, and pseudoplastic fluid when oil is continuous phase. The viscosity of emulsion gradually increases with the increase of oil content and reaches the maximum at 60% oil content. As the oil content continues to increase, the viscosity of the emulsion gradually decreases to the value of pure oil as the oil content increases. At different temperatures, the viscosity of the same oil content emulsion decreases exponentially with increasing temperature. In addition, the existing oil-water emulsion viscosity calculation model was evaluated based on the experimental data, and the viscosity model applied to the low oil content crude emulsion was amended to improve the prediction accuracy. The research results on the rheology of crude oil-in-water emulsion will further improve the accuracy of pipeline pressure drop prediction in crude oil production and transportation, and provide reliable physical parameters for the accurate design of pipeline transportation system. (Figure 9, Table 3, Reference 20)