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本文以铁路编组站为背景,研究失效树的建立和失效树的分析。用系统的观点全面研究铁路编组站的调车安全,提供对事故的科学分析手段以及提高系统可靠性的控制途径,是一项尚待开发的工作。关于失效树的建立,本文重点研究了如何清楚地表述系统各因素间逻辑关系的交错多变以及怎样保证系统基本失效事件没有重大遗漏的问题,提出了大型复杂系统失效树建立的一般步骤。关于失效树分析,本文重点研究了如何根据计算机输出的失效树有关数据,判定导致系统失效的关键人和关键部位。通过建立责任者分类表和责任方分类表以及对其所施行的定量运算,明确指出了导致系统失效的关键人和关键方,同时还给出了关键人(方)几种失误的主次,并逐一提出了相应的对策。最后,以实例验证了上述理论研究,其结果与现场实际吻合,证明了该方法对于铁路运输的安全管理是完全适用和可行的。
In this paper, the background of railway marshalling station is to study the establishment of the failure tree and the analysis of the failure tree. From a systematic point of view, it is still a work to be done to comprehensively study the shunting safety of railway marshalling yard, provide scientific analysis means for accidents and control ways to improve system reliability. With regard to the establishment of a failure tree, this paper focuses on how to clearly describe the staggered logic between the various factors in the system and how to ensure that there are no major omissions in the basic failure events of the system. The general steps for establishing a failure tree in a large complex system are proposed. On the failure tree analysis, this paper focuses on how to judge the key people and key parts that lead to the system failure according to the data about the failure tree output by the computer. Through the establishment of the classification of responsible persons and the classification of responsible parties and the quantitative operation of them, the key people and key parties that cause the system failure are clearly identified. At the same time, the author also gives the primary and secondary mistakes of the key people, And put forward the corresponding countermeasure one by one. Finally, the above theoretical study is verified by an example, and the result is in good agreement with the actual situation in the field. It proves that this method is completely applicable and feasible for the safety management of railway transport.