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做中译英时，并不一定要按中文排列的顺序逐字翻译，而要仔细分析中文句子，找出主要成分和附加的修饰成分，先把英语译文的主要框架确定下来，即确定句型。这就涉及各种从句的结构。在历年的从句考核中，主语从句是考查的重点。我们一起来梳理一下如何将主语从句灵活运用到中译英之中。
引导主语从句的连接词主要有：单纯连词（that， whether）；连接代词（what， whatever， who， whoever， whom， whose， which， whichever等）；连接副词（when， where， why， how， whenever， wherever， however）等。
一、that引导的主语从句
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句：引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你能得奖看起来不大可能。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光沿直线传播。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢他不管我的事。
（2）有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常使用形式主语it替代主语从句位于句首，that引导真正的主语从句会放到句子的后面。常用的句式主要有如下几种：
A）It+系动词+形容词+that从句。
如：
It is necessary that … 有必要……
It is clear that… 很清楚……
It is likely that … 很可能……
It is important that … 重要的是……
类似的形容词还有：strange； natural； obvious； true； good； wonderful； possible； unlikely； quite； unusual； certain； evident； worth-while； surprising； interesting； astonishing， etc.
例如：It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.
It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.
It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.
It is necessary that you（should）master the computer.
It is important that a student learn English well.
It’s clear that they badly need help.
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.
知识拓展
在“It is necessary / important/surprising/strange/unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible+that从句”这类主语从句结构中，从句中谓语动词常用“（should）+动词原形”形式，即要用虚拟语气， should可省略。
例如：
It is necessary that a college student （should） master one or two foreign languages.
大学生掌握一两门外语是有必要的。
It is strange that you （should） trust Jane.
很奇怪你竟然相信简。
另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.
As was reported， the US was under the terrorist attack.
B）It+系动词+名词+that从句。
如：
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It is good news that… ……是好消息
It is a question that… ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that…
……是常识
类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。
例如：
It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.
It’s a pity that you missed the film.
C）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句。 如：
It is said that… 据说……
It is reported that… 据报道……
It has been proved that … 已证明……
It must be proved that … 必须指出……
类似的过去分词还有：known； estimated； expected； believed； thought； hoped； noted； discussed； required； decided； suggested； demanded； made clear； found out， etc.
例如：It is thought that he is the best player.
It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.
D）It+特殊词+that从句。
如：It seems（happened / appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference / occurred… ）that…
如：
It seems that they will win the game.
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
It does not matter if I missed my train.
It happened that I saw him yesterday.
真题
1. 将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。（be up to） （2014上海）
答案：It’s up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future.
解析：it is up to sb 由某人决定，固定表达。
2. 能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。（It）（2012上海）
答案：It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games.
解析：抵御网络游戏的诱惑 resist the temptation of online games， it做形式主语，后面whether引导的从句做真正的主语。
二、用连词whether引导的主语从句
whether有含义“是否”在句中不做成分/不可以省。
注意：引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。
例如：
Whether you like him or not is none of my business.
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
模拟题
1. 我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。（occur）（2014 二模）
答案：It never occurred/didn’t occur to me that Tom would /should be elected/made chairman of the Students’ Union.
解析：It never occurred to sb. that（某某从来没想到）是英语中的一个固定用法，it为形式主语，后面that引导的从句是真正的主语。很多考生只知道动词occur是发生的意思，而不知道It never occurred to sb. that这个句型结构而失分。
2.一本书是否畅销取决于诸多因素。（whether）
答案：Whether a book sells well
depends on many / various factors.
解析：这里考查whether引导的主语从句，在一般现在时中，主语从句视为第三人称单数，谓语动词要用三单形式；“取决于”depend on， 近义词组还有lie on， rely on等。
引导主语从句的连接词主要有：单纯连词（that， whether）；连接代词（what， whatever， who， whoever， whom， whose， which， whichever等）；连接副词（when， where， why， how， whenever， wherever， however）等。
一、that引导的主语从句
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句：引导词that无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你能得奖看起来不大可能。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光沿直线传播。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢他不管我的事。
（2）有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常使用形式主语it替代主语从句位于句首，that引导真正的主语从句会放到句子的后面。常用的句式主要有如下几种：
A）It+系动词+形容词+that从句。
如：
It is necessary that … 有必要……
It is clear that… 很清楚……
It is likely that … 很可能……
It is important that … 重要的是……
类似的形容词还有：strange； natural； obvious； true； good； wonderful； possible； unlikely； quite； unusual； certain； evident； worth-while； surprising； interesting； astonishing， etc.
例如：It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.
It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.
It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.
It is necessary that you（should）master the computer.
It is important that a student learn English well.
It’s clear that they badly need help.
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.
知识拓展
在“It is necessary / important/surprising/strange/unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible+that从句”这类主语从句结构中，从句中谓语动词常用“（should）+动词原形”形式，即要用虚拟语气， should可省略。
例如：
It is necessary that a college student （should） master one or two foreign languages.
大学生掌握一两门外语是有必要的。
It is strange that you （should） trust Jane.
很奇怪你竟然相信简。
另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.
As was reported， the US was under the terrorist attack.
B）It+系动词+名词+that从句。
如：
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It is good news that… ……是好消息
It is a question that… ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that…
……是常识
类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。
例如：
It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.
It’s a pity that you missed the film.
C）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句。 如：
It is said that… 据说……
It is reported that… 据报道……
It has been proved that … 已证明……
It must be proved that … 必须指出……
类似的过去分词还有：known； estimated； expected； believed； thought； hoped； noted； discussed； required； decided； suggested； demanded； made clear； found out， etc.
例如：It is thought that he is the best player.
It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.
D）It+特殊词+that从句。
如：It seems（happened / appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference / occurred… ）that…
如：
It seems that they will win the game.
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
It does not matter if I missed my train.
It happened that I saw him yesterday.
真题
1. 将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。（be up to） （2014上海）
答案：It’s up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future.
解析：it is up to sb 由某人决定，固定表达。
2. 能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。（It）（2012上海）
答案：It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games.
解析：抵御网络游戏的诱惑 resist the temptation of online games， it做形式主语，后面whether引导的从句做真正的主语。
二、用连词whether引导的主语从句
whether有含义“是否”在句中不做成分/不可以省。
注意：引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。
例如：
Whether you like him or not is none of my business.
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
模拟题
1. 我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。（occur）（2014 二模）
答案：It never occurred/didn’t occur to me that Tom would /should be elected/made chairman of the Students’ Union.
解析：It never occurred to sb. that（某某从来没想到）是英语中的一个固定用法，it为形式主语，后面that引导的从句是真正的主语。很多考生只知道动词occur是发生的意思，而不知道It never occurred to sb. that这个句型结构而失分。
2.一本书是否畅销取决于诸多因素。（whether）
答案：Whether a book sells well
depends on many / various factors.
解析：这里考查whether引导的主语从句，在一般现在时中，主语从句视为第三人称单数，谓语动词要用三单形式；“取决于”depend on， 近义词组还有lie on， rely on等。