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一、矽肺的诊断和分期是保护职工安全健康,体现我国社会主义制度优越性的重要措施之一。多年来,我国矽肺的诊断和分期原则上是综合性而以临床X线为主要手段,这无疑是十分正确的。但在实践中,由于X线诊断本身存在一定的局限性,矽肺表现可多样而不典型,特别是在矽肺的早期或晚期,或伴有某些并发因素时,根据各地经验,总有一部分病例生前X线胸片未能诊断或难于确诊和分期,也有少数病人生前未作X线检查,或者胸片质量不足。在此种情况下,病人或家属往往要求死后病理检查来明确矽肺的诊断和分期。此种病例在我组就有28例之多!但目前我国只有统一的矽肺X线诊断和分期,而无统一的矽肺病理诊断和分期标准,实在是一种缺陷。加之X线诊断和病理诊断之间有时存在差距(不单是在矽肺),是人们公认的常识。因此,为补充矽肺X线诊断之不足,为矽肺防治科研工作上便于资料对比,都有制定全国统一的矽肺病理诊断和分期标准之必要。
First, the diagnosis and staging of silicosis is one of the important measures to protect the safety and health of workers and the superiority of our socialist system. Over the years, the diagnosis and staging of silicosis in our country are in principle comprehensive and clinical X-ray is the main means, which is undoubtedly quite correct. However, in practice, due to the limitations of X-ray diagnosis itself, the manifestations of silicosis may be diverse and atypical. Especially in the early stage or late stage of silicosis, or with some complicated factors, there are always some cases based on local experience Before his death X-ray diagnosis or difficult to diagnose and staging, there are a small number of patients before the X-ray examination, or the lack of quality chest. In such cases, patients or their families often require post-mortem examination to clarify the diagnosis and staging of silicosis. Such cases in our group there are as many as 28 cases! But at present, China has only a unified silicosis X-ray diagnosis and staging, and no uniform pathological diagnosis of silicosis and staging standards, it is a defect. Coupled with the sometimes discrepancy between X-ray diagnosis and pathological diagnosis (not only in silicosis), it is generally acknowledged common sense. Therefore, in order to supplement the inadequate diagnosis of silicosis X-ray, and to facilitate the comparison of data for the prevention and treatment of silicosis, there is a need to formulate a unified national silicosis pathological diagnosis and staging standards.