Aflatoxins (AFs) are a group of secondary metabolites belonging to polyketide-derived furanocoumarins produced by Aspergillus fungi. As one type of mycotoxins, AFs are the most carcinogenic and toxic compounds for human and animal health, which might lead to serious contamination on agricultural products including peanut, maize and milk. Moreover, AF contamination in food chain was difficult to be controlled. This review summarizes the research progress on the types, producers and properties of AFs, gene clusters, AF biosynthesis and genetic regulation in major Aspergillus fungi, aiming to provide comprehensive information for developing cost-effective strategies on control of AF contamination in agriculture production and consequent food chain.