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车辆紧急作用下,复杂机械和热载荷会造成车轮结构破坏失效,基于热-结构耦合理论及采用有限元数值仿真分析方法,分析其对整体式车轮结构的机械强度和疲劳强度的影响,并分析对比纯机械载荷和热-结构耦合载荷两种作用下对车轮结构强度的影响,采用单轴及多轴疲劳准则进行疲劳强度评估。结果表明:紧急制动20 s时,踏面温度达到最大151.8℃;制动热载荷是引起踏面及辐板等效应力增大的主要因素,热-结构耦合载荷比纯机械载荷辐板处产生的最大等效应力超出40%左右;多轴Dang_Van疲劳准则更适合应用于车轮辐板的评定,制动热负荷会造成局部结构疲劳强度波动较大,引起车轮的突然破坏。
Under the emergency of vehicles, the complicated mechanical and thermal loads will cause the failure of the wheel structure failure. Based on the thermo-structural coupling theory and the finite element numerical simulation analysis method, the influence on the mechanical strength and fatigue strength of the integrated wheel structure is analyzed and analyzed Contrasting the influence of pure mechanical load and thermo-structural coupling load on the strength of wheel structure, the fatigue strength of the wheel is evaluated by the single and multi-axial fatigue criterion. The results show that the tread temperature reaches the maximum of 151.8 ℃ at 20 s, and the brake thermal load is the main factor that causes the equivalent stress of tread and web to increase. The thermal-structural coupling load is higher than that of pure mechanical load web The maximum equivalent stress exceeds about 40%. The multi-axis Dang_Van fatigue criterion is more suitable for the evaluation of the spoke plate. The brake heat load will cause the fatigue intensity of the local structure to fluctuate greatly, causing the sudden destruction of the wheel.