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目的了解我国3省高中生传染病健康素养水平及影响因素,为制定我国学生传染病健康素养干预策略提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,在我国东、中、西部各一个省抽取高中生,进行自填式问卷调查。对每个学生的传染病健康素养进行评分,应用t检验、F检验或χ~2检验进行统计学分析。结果我国3省2914名高中一年级学生传染病健康素养平均分为(49.02±14.00)分,平均得分浙江省(53.72±14.08)高于湖北省(50.80±13.26)(P<0.01),湖北省高于甘肃省(42.24±11.96)(P<0.01)。城市学生平均得分(50.39±14.66)高于农村学生(47.63±13.17)(P<0.01)。浙江省意识观念、知识、技能、行为素养的得分均高于湖北省(P<0.05),湖北省高于甘肃省(P<0.05)。城市学生传染病知识、技能、信息素养均高于农村学生(P<0.05)。结论传染病健康素养存在地区的差异,西部地区高中学生传染病健康素养低于中部和东部地区,农村地区低于城市地区,我国西部和农村学生应作为干预的重点人群。
Objective To understand the level of health literacy and influencing factors of infectious diseases among senior high school students in three provinces in China and provide references for the formulation of intervention strategies for health literacy of communicable diseases in Chinese students. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select high school students from one province in the east, middle and west of China and conduct self-contained questionnaire survey. The health literacy of infectious diseases of each student was scored, and t test, F test or χ ~ 2 test were used for statistical analysis. Results The average score of infectious diseases in 2914 high school students in 3 provinces in China was 49.02 ± 14.00. The average score was 53.72 ± 14.08 in Zhejiang Province and 50.80 ± 13.26 in Hubei Province (P <0.01). Hubei Province Higher than that of Gansu Province (42.24 ± 11.96) (P <0.01). The average score of urban students (50.39 ± 14.66) was higher than that of rural students (47.63 ± 13.17) (P <0.01). The scores of awareness, knowledge, skills and behavior literacy in Zhejiang Province were higher than those in Hubei Province (P <0.05), those in Hubei Province were higher than those in Gansu Province (P <0.05). The knowledge, skills and information literacy of infectious diseases among urban students were higher than that of rural students (P <0.05). Conclusion There are differences in health literacy among communicable diseases. The health literacy of communicable diseases among high school students in western regions is lower than that in the central and eastern regions. The rural areas are lower than urban areas. The western and rural students in our country should be the key population for intervention.