中国职工的养老保险是从1951年制定《劳动保险制度》开始实行的。40多年来的不断发展,对于保障退休人员生活、解除职工的后顾之忧、促进经济发展和保持社会稳定等方面都发挥了重要作用。但由于现行的退休养老制度是参考当时苏联的退休制度制定的,带有浓厚的“供给制”特点。尽管近年来根据情况的变化作了一些改进与扩充,但是原有的机制仍不能适应市场经济与人口老龄化的发展,需要进行改革,以利于社会主义市场经济体系的建立和在竞争条件下确保退休人员的生活稳定。 The pension insurance for Chinese workers started from the formulation of the “Labor Insurance System” in 1951. The continuous development for more than 40 years has played an important role in safeguarding the life of retirees, relieving the worries of staff and workers, promoting economic development and maintaining social stability. However, due to the current retirement pension system was formulated with reference to the retirement system of the Soviet Union at that time, with a strong “supply system” feature. Although improvements have been made in recent years in light of changes in circumstances, the existing mechanism still can not meet the needs of market economy and the aging of population. Reform is needed to facilitate the establishment of a socialist market economy and to ensure that under competitive conditions Retiree’s life is stable.