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腐植酸(HA)是一种含有羧基、酚羟基、羰基等多种活性基团的功能性有机大分子,在现代农业、环保、新材料等诸多领域中应用前景广阔。HA的活性基团可以进行接枝共聚或交联反应,也可与高分子链上的极性基团通过氢键作用形成物理交联,得到具有三维网络结构、络合吸附能力和缓释肥料的功能复合材料。本文在介绍HA化学结构和基本性能的基础上,综述了HA三维网络功能材料制备及其在吸水、保水和对重金属、染料等污染物吸附等多个方面应用研究的最新进展,并对目前存在的问题和未来HA功能材料的研究方向进行了分析和展望。
Humic acid (HA) is a kind of functional organic macromolecule containing many active groups such as carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, carbonyl and so on. It has broad application prospects in many fields such as modern agriculture, environmental protection, new materials and so on. The active groups of HA can undergo graft copolymerization or cross-linking reaction, and also can form physical cross-links with the polar groups on the polymer chains through hydrogen bonding to obtain a three-dimensional network structure, a complex adsorption capacity and a slow release fertilizer The functional composite. Based on the introduction of the chemical structure and basic properties of HA, this review summarizes the recent advances in the preparation of HA three-dimensional network functional materials and their applications in water absorption, water retention and adsorption of heavy metals and dyes and other contaminants. The issue and the future research direction of HA functional materials were analyzed and prospects.