板图是形象简便的常用教学手段。不过,这种传统的教学手段到了应该“推陈出新”的时候了。下面试以低年级几篇常识性课文为例谈谈板图教学。传统的板图设计,往往只把教材中印证知识的插图搬上去。这种作法的不足之处在于:有些图是孤立的、“特写式”的,只是描绘了事物的一个侧面,一个动点,不能俯瞰整体,从横向或纵向角度去展示事物的全貌、内部结构及其发展规律。系统论强调从事物的整体及事物间的联系和发展的角度看问题,“系统分析的显著特点是完整而不是零星地处理问题”。控制论则告诉我们:无序是耗散的根源,要减少耗散必须变无序的东西为有序。由此看来,如果从课文全局着眼,把事物各因素间的联系和变化规律转化为一 Board map is a common and easy teaching methods. However, it is time for such traditional teaching methods to be “refreshed.” The following test to lower grade a few common sense text as an example to talk about board teaching. Traditional board design, often only textbook proof of knowledge to move up. The inadequacies of this approach are: Some of the pictures are isolated. The “close-up” only depicts one side of things, a moving point, can not overlook the whole, from the horizontal or vertical perspective to show things the whole picture, the internal structure And its development. Systematicism emphasizes problems from the point of view of the whole thing and the connection and development of things. “The salient feature of systematic analysis is that it deals with the problem completely rather than sporadically.” Cybernetics tells us that disorder is the root cause of dissipation, and that something that must be unordered to reduce dissipation must be ordered. From this point of view, if we look at the overall situation of the text, we will transform the law of the connection and change of things into a