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本文试图探究社会最优与社会公平之间的内在联系。资源配置能否做到既有效又公平是经济学文献频繁讨论的重要问题。为了正确地理解公平的概念,笔者提出了满意度函数和满足程度函数,并依次区分了公正和平等两个概念,即公正就是每个人都同样满意,平等就是每个人都同样满足。这是关于平等主义很自然的诠释。根据公正原则,社会福利函数应该满足齐次性。一旦选定了适当的社会优化目标,社会公平就可以体现在控制变量的时间路径中。
This article attempts to explore the social relationship between the optimal and social fairness. Whether the allocation of resources can be both effective and fair is an important issue frequently discussed in the economics literature. In order to correctly understand the concept of fairness, the author proposes the function of satisfaction and degree of satisfaction, and in turn distinguishes two concepts of fairness and equality. Justice means everyone is equally satisfied and equality means everyone is equally satisfied. This is a very natural interpretation of egalitarianism. According to the principle of fairness, the social welfare function should satisfy the homogeneity. Once an appropriate social optimization goal has been chosen, social equity can be reflected in the time path of control variables.