菱科(Trapaceae)仅菱属(Trapa L.)1属,该属是典型的水生多型植物,中国乃至全球以往的分类处理分歧很大.基于文献查阅、野外采集、标本鉴定和栽培观察,对菱属植物分类的主要形态性状作了系统评价.果体大小和果冠变异稳定,可以用于属内种的划分,果喙大小和角的数目则可以用于种下变种的划分.在此基础上,对中国菱属作了分类处理,承认了细果野菱(T.incisa)和欧菱(T.natans)2个种,并将欧菱划分为6个变种,对其中4个变种作了新的组合.将10个种名和12个变种名处理为异名,并对5个名称(Trapa amurensis,T.bispinosa,T.dimorphocarpa,T.japonica,T.manchurica)作了后选模式标定.“,”The genus Trapa L. (Trapaceae) is a kind of aquatic and polymorphic plants. Based on literature survey, field work, specimen examination and cultivation observations, taxonomic significance of major morphological characters was evaluated. The sizes of fruit bodies and crowns are found to be the reliable diagnostic characters for circumscription of the species, while the sizes of fruit beaks and numbers of horns for identification of the varieties. Consequently, two species, Trapa incisa and T. natans, with the six varieties of T. natans, are recognized with descriptions. The names of the four varieties of T. natans are newly combined with exception of var. bispinosa, viz. T. natans var. quadricaudata, var. complana, var. magnicorona and var. komarovii. The names of ten species and twelve varieties are newly reduced to synonyms. Lectotypes are designated for T. amurensis, T. bispinosa, T. dimorphocarpa, T. japonica and T. manchurica.