一、对于什么是宪政的问题,学者们还存在着不同的见解。如有的学者认为:宪政是由意识形态和文化决定的一系列特殊道德观点,如尊重人的尊严,承认人生而平等、自由并享有追求幸福的权利。有的认为:宪政意指法律化的政治程序,即限定和钳制政治权力的公共规则和制度。有的认为:宪政是一种制度安排和较好的政治条件,诸如公民基本权利宣言,普遍、平等、秘密的选举制度,分权与制衡,代议民主,多党制,两院制,联邦制,司法独立等。还有的认为:宪政是这样一种思想,正如它希望通过法治来约束个人并向个人授予权利一样,它还希望通过法治来约束政府并向政府授权。这些概念不仅没有全面地概括宪政的含义,更重要的是没有揭示出 First, there are still different opinions about what constitutional government is. Some scholars hold the view that constitutionalism is a series of special moral ideas determined by ideology and culture, such as respecting human dignity, recognizing that life is equal, free and entitled to the pursuit of happiness. Some think: Constitutionalism means the legalized political process, that is, the public rules and regulations that define and clamp down political power. Some think: Constitutionalism is a kind of institutional arrangement and better political conditions, such as declaration of basic rights of citizens, universal, equal and secret election system, decentralization and checks and balances, representative democracy, multi-party system, bicameralism, federalism, Judicial independence. Others argue that constitutionalism is a kind of thinking just as it wishes to bind individuals and grant rights to individuals through the rule of law. It also wants to bind the government and empower it with the rule of law. Not only do these concepts fail to give a general overview of constitutionalism, but more importantly, they have not been revealed