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一、前言长期以来,中国考古学被看做是历史学的一个分支,在学科分类或定位上归属于历史学科下的二级学科。这种分类或定位是受我国学术传统影响的结果,并源于20世纪初西学东渐的大潮中考古学被我国史学界用来解决上古史的争议。傅斯年将考古学看做是一个不陈的工具,可以用它来处置些新获见的材料①。而夏鼐将考古学与文献探索为基础的狭义历史学结合构成了广义历史学,犹如车的两轮,鸟的两翼,不可偏废②。最近,考古学脱离历史学成为独立的一级学科,表明我国学界认识到考古学的独立性。因为,考古学与历史学虽然在目标上相同并在研究上互补,但是它们在研究材料和理论方法上相去甚远。大体来说,历史学是研究文字记载的历史,而“考古学是根据古代人类通过各种活动
I. Foreword For a long time, Chinese archeology has been regarded as a branch of history and belongs to the second-level disciplines under the discipline of history in the discipline classification or orientation. This classification or positioning is the result of the academic tradition of our country. It also originated from the controversy that the archeology was used by historians of our country to solve the ancient history in the tide of western learning in the early 20th century. Fu Sainian sees archeology as an obscene tool that can be used to dispose of newly acquired materials. The Xiayao archeology and literature to explore the basis of narrow historical history combined to form a broad history, like the two wheels of the car, the wings of birds, can not be neglected ②. Recently, archeology has become an independent first-class subject from history, indicating that our academic community recognizes the independence of archeology. Because archeology and history, albeit the same in purpose and complementary to each other in their research, are far from the materials and theoretical methods. In general, history is the study of documented history, and ”archeology is based on the ancient human through various activities