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目的通过分析狂犬病暴露人群的流行特征、犬伤者伤口处理与免疫接种现状,探讨降低狂犬病发病率的有效措施。方法对2010年1～12月在成都市疾控中心进行狂犬疫苗免疫接种登记在册的3012名患者进行回顾性流行病学调查分析。结果 3012例门诊免疫预防人群中只有14例实施基础免疫,其余的2998例是犬伤人群,其年龄分布以20～50岁的青壮年居多,共接诊1376例,占犬伤人数的46%;地区分布以成都市主城区为主,共2569例占85.01%;致伤后24h内就诊2330例,占78%;犬类伤害占80.99%;伤害的部位以四肢为主,伤害程度以Ⅲ级暴露为主。结论实施暴露后的规范处理、提高暴露后免疫依从性和基础免疫率,加强狂犬病预防的健康教育,是预防狂犬病最关键的手段。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed population, the treatment of wounds and immunization in dogs, and to explore effective measures to reduce the incidence of rabies. Methods A retrospective epidemiological survey of 3,012 patients registered for rabies vaccine immunization in Chengdu CDC from January to December in 2010 was conducted. Results Of the 3012 outpatient immunization prevention population, only 14 cases were immunized, and the remaining 2998 cases were canine casualties. The age distribution was mostly young adults aged 20 to 50 years. A total of 1376 cases were received, accounting for 46% ; The distribution was mainly in the main urban area of Chengdu, with a total of 2569 cases accounting for 85.01%; 2330 cases were treated within 24 hours after injury, accounting for 78%; dog injuries accounted for 80.99%; injuries were mainly limbs, Mainly exposed. Conclusion It is the most crucial way to prevent rabies by implementing standardized treatment after exposure, improving immunity compliance and basic immunity after exposure, and strengthening health education on rabies prevention.