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药物相关性颌骨坏死（medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws，MRONJ）是使用抗骨吸收药物和抗血管生成药物后出现的一类严重不良反应。其作用机制尚不明确，可能与骨改建抑制、血管生成抑制及炎症等相关。临床上主要表现为感染迁延不愈、反复肿胀疼痛、影响患者生命质量。MRONJ症状严重，治疗方法不明确，已引起广泛重视。已有大量研究探讨了MRONJ的治疗及预防方法，治疗方法以保守治疗及手术治疗为主，但仍无明确证据证明现有治疗及预防方法的效果，且缺乏统一公认的标准。本综述回顾了现有的MRONJ的预防及治疗方法，并阐述了其相关作用机制。“,”Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe complication of anti-resorption drugs and anti-angiogenesis drugs. Its mechanism is still unclear, which may be related to bone remodeling inhibition, angiogenesis inhibition, inflammation, etc. The main clinical symptoms are continuous infection, recurrent swelling and pain and impacting the patients′ quality of life. Because of its serious symptoms and unclear treatment, MRONJ has attracted wide attention. Now there are many researches on the treatment and prevention of MRONJ. The treatment includes conservative treatment and surgical treatment. There is no clear evidence of the effectiveness of existing methods of prevention and treatment of MRONJ, and lacking the unified and accepted standard methods of prevention and treatment. In this article, current researches of the prevention and treatment of MRONJ are reviewed, including the mechanism of the methods.