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我国目前有广州、上海、青岛、天津、大连、武汉、海口和厦门八家海事法院。根据最高人民法院《关于海事法院收案范围的规定》,海事法院受理案件的范围基本上可以分为三类:(一)国内法人、公民之间的案件;(二)我国法人、公民同外国或地区法人、公民之间的案件;(三)外国或地区法人、公民之间的案件。后两类案件的当事人有一方或双方都是外国人,法律关系的主体具有涉外性,因而这样的案件是涉外海事案件。 我国海事法院审理涉外海事案件,应根据其法律关系具有涉外因素的特殊性,切实有效地贯彻执行国家主权原则,确保我国的国家利益和双方当事人的合法权益。所谓国家主权原则,是指一个国家处理自己内部事务的最高权力原则和处理对外事务的独立权力原则。国家主权原则在我国涉外海事案件审理中直接表现为国家对涉外海事案件行使审判权的原则,亦即国家根据法律的强制性规定,或法律所允许的当事人的自由选择而享有对涉外海事案件的管辖、审理、判决和执行的权力。
At present, there are eight maritime courts in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Qingdao, Tianjin, Dalian, Wuhan, Haikou and Xiamen. According to the Supreme People’s Court’s “Provisions on the Scope of Cases Accepted by Maritime Courts”, the scope of cases accepted by maritime courts can be basically divided into three categories: (1) cases between domestic legal persons and citizens; (2) legal persons and citizens of our country with foreign countries Or between a legal person and a citizen of a locality; and (3) cases between foreign and regional legal persons and citizens. After one or both of the parties involved in the latter two cases are foreigners, the subject matter of the legal relationship is foreign-related. Therefore, such a case is a foreign-related maritime case. The maritime court of our country, handling foreign-related maritime cases, should have the particularity of foreign-related factors according to its legal relations and effectively and effectively implement the principle of state sovereignty to ensure the national interests of our country and the legitimate rights and interests of both parties. The so-called principle of state sovereignty refers to the principle of the supreme power of a country in handling its own internal affairs and the principle of independent power in dealing with foreign affairs. The principle of state sovereignty is directly reflected in the trial of foreign-related maritime cases in our country as the principle that the State exercises its jurisdiction over foreign-related maritime cases. In other words, the State enjoys the right of jurisdiction over foreign-related maritime cases in accordance with the mandatory provisions of the law or the parties’ freedom of choice as provided by law Jurisdiction, trial, judgment and enforcement powers.