论文部分内容阅读
与多种蔬菜作物一样,花生一直以来就是日本Kanto和南部Kyushu地区的重要农作物,然而随着来自中国和美国等国外花生进口数量的增加,花生种植者的生产积极性已经变低。由于油用花生和烘烤花生的进口分别在1971和1973年开始放开,国内的花生生产大幅下滑。2002年的种植面积是9950hm2,按花生仁计的产量是24000t。目前的消费量大约是每年60000t,并且目前还在持续下降。大果花生几乎100%进口自中国,小果花生也有7000t分别进口自中国、美国和南美洲。为了提高花生的食用品质,育种工作已经取得了进展,目前已经注册了 收稿日期:2003 11 29作者简介:大门弘幸博士,日本大板府立大学农学生命科学院教授,主要从事花生教学与研究。14个花生品种,但是只有两个品种Chibahandachi和Nakateyutaka正在被广泛种植,占种植面积的80%。最近又有两个适于南部Kyushu地区的早熟品种Satonoka和Fukumasari被注册。由于近来煮花生的消费正在增长,育种目标也必须瞄准于此。口味是衡量日本花生品种食用品质的非常重要的因素,因此口味的遗传改良也必须取得进展。此文亦将提及最近在日本注册的一些花生品种的某些特征。
Peanuts, like many other vegetable crops, have long been important crops in Kanto, Japan and southern Kyushu, but peanut growers’ enthusiasm for production has diminished as imports from foreign peanuts, such as China and the United States, have increased. As the import of peanut oil and roasted peanut oil started to be released in 1971 and 1973 respectively, the domestic production of peanut dropped sharply. The planted area in 2002 was 9950 hm2, and the output by peanut kernels was 24000 t. The current consumption is about 60,000 tons per year and is still declining. Almost 100% of large fruit peanuts are imported from China, and 7,000 tons of small fruit peanuts are also imported from China, the United States and South America respectively. In order to improve the edible quality of peanuts, the breeding work has made progress and has now been registered. Received: 2003-11-29 Author: Dr. Hiroyuki, Faculty of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, Daphnotung University, Japan, is mainly engaged in peanut teaching and research. 14 peanut varieties, but only two varieties, Chibahandachi and Nakateyutaka, are being widely planted, accounting for 80% of the area planted. Two more early-maturing varieties, Satonoka and Fukumasari, have recently been registered for the southern Kyushu region. As the consumption of cooking peanuts is growing recently, breeding goals must also be targeted. Taste is a very important factor in judging the edible quality of Japanese peanut varieties, so genetic improvement of tastes must also make progress. This article will also mention some of the characteristics of some peanut varieties recently registered in Japan.