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目的了解我国农村欠发达地区空气污染的状况及农村人群对空气污染的实际暴露水平。方法选择安庆市所属两个县18个乡镇的189个家庭,对其室内、外空气污染水平进行环境监测 ,同时对上述家庭中年龄在15～65岁之间的488名调查对象进行入户问卷调查。结果被调查地区存在严重的室内外空气污染 ,污染物以可吸入颗粒物PM10 为主 ,厨房、卧室、庭院、田间分别为(518±27)μg/m3,(340±9)μg/m3,(287±9)μg/m3,(270±10)μg/m3,室内污染水平显著高于室外 (P<0.01) ;SO2 和CO的污染水平较低 (P>0.05)。结合个体暴露时间和环境暴露浓度对个体的综合空气污染暴露进行综合评价的结果显示 ,该地区农村居民冬季对PM10 的实际暴露水平明显高于国家卫生标准 ,而其室内外空气污染主要来源是由于做饭和取暖的燃料燃烧引起。结论该地区农村室内空气污染严重 ,污染物以PM10 为主
Objective To understand the status of air pollution in underdeveloped rural areas and the actual level of air pollution in rural areas. Methods A total of 189 households from 18 towns and villages in two counties of Anqing City were selected for environmental monitoring of indoor and outdoor air pollution. At the same time, 488 respondents aged between 15 and 65 were enrolled in the household questionnaire survey. Results There were serious indoor and outdoor air pollution in the surveyed area. The pollutants mainly contained PM10, which was inhalable particulates. The kitchen, bedroom, courtyard and field were (518 ± 27) μg / m3 and (340 ± 9) μg / 287 ± 9 μg / m3 and 270 ± 10 μg / m3, respectively. The indoor pollution levels were significantly higher than those of the outdoor ones (P <0.01). The levels of SO2 and CO were lower (P> 0.05). According to the comprehensive assessment of individual exposure to air pollutants combined with individual exposure time and environmental exposure concentration, the actual exposure level of PM10 to rural residents in this area was significantly higher than the national health standards in winter, while the main source of indoor and outdoor air pollution was due to Cooking and heating of the fuel caused by burning. Conclusion The indoor air pollution in rural areas in this area is serious with pollutants mainly PM10