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[目的]研究阿拉善盟大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和细颗粒物(PM2.5)的来源,为防治大气污染和保护人群身体健康提供科学依据。[方法]利用2008年4月26日—6月11日阿拉善盟大气PM10和PM2.5中化学成分检测数据,采用因子分析法和富集因子法对颗粒物来源进行分析。[结果]阿拉善盟大气PM10来源于土壤风沙尘、建筑水泥尘、燃油尘(主因子1),工业粉尘、机动车尾气(主因子2),主因子1和主因子2对PM10的方差贡献率分别为66.210%和21.219%;PM2.5来源于土壤风沙尘、建筑水泥尘(主因子1),燃油尘、土壤风沙尘(主因子2),工业粉尘、机动车尾气(主因子3),对PM2.5的方差贡献率分别为35.781%、32.064%和22.062%。沙尘天气和非沙尘天气时,PM2.5中重金属元素铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)的富集因子均高于PM10。与非沙尘天气比较,沙尘天气发生时PM10和PM2.5中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd等重金属元素的富集因子明显下降,而来自于自然源元素的富集因子变化不大。[结论]阿拉善盟大气PM10和PM2.5主要来自自然源,受人为污染影响较小。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the origin of atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Alashan League and provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling air pollution and protecting the health of the population. [Method] The chemical components of PM10 and PM2.5 in the atmosphere of Alxa League were collected from April 26 to June 11, 2008. The source of particulate matter was analyzed by factor analysis and enrichment factor. [Result] The atmospheric PM10 in Alxa League was originated from the variance of PM10 in dust, building cement dust, fuel dust (main factor 1), industrial dust, vehicle exhaust (main factor 2), main factor 1 and main factor 2 The contribution rates are 66.210% and 21.219% respectively. PM2.5 is derived from dust and dust in construction, cement dust (main factor 1), fuel dust, dust and sand (main factor 2), industrial dust and motor vehicle exhaust gas Factor 3), the contribution to the variance of PM2.5 were 35.781%, 32.064% and 22.062% respectively. In dust weather and non-dust weather, the enrichment factors of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in PM2.5 were higher than that of PM10. Compared with the non-dust weather, the enrichment factors such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and other heavy metals in PM10 and PM2.5 decreased significantly when sand and dust weather occurred, while the enrichment factors from natural sources did not change much. [Conclusion] The atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5 in Alxa League were mainly from natural sources, and were less affected by anthropogenic pollution.