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泛泛而言,补贴是政府对特定的工业、厂商或产品给予支持,以保证某种产品价格人为地低于正常价值。补贴被各国政府用来促进实现重要的社会和经济政策目的。世界各国,无论是发展中国家还是发达国家,都因社会的、经济的或政治的原因进行各种形式的补贴。例如,经济合作与发展组织国家的年平均补贴占国民生产总值的1.5%;1986年,欧共体国家的补贴占国民生产总值的3%。在衰落的钢铁、造船等传统工业上,补贴率高于上述水平。同时,补贴还被用于支持像微电子这样的新兴工业的发展。但是,补贴也能引起干扰国际贸易的正常
Broadly speaking, subsidies are the government’s support for specific industries, manufacturers or products to ensure that the price of a certain product is artificially lower than the normal value. Subsidies are used by national governments to promote the realization of important social and economic policies. All countries in the world, whether they are developing countries or developed countries, carry out various forms of subsidies for social, economic or political reasons. For example, the OECD countries’ average annual subsidies account for 1.5% of the GNP; in 1986, EU subsidies accounted for 3% of GNP. In the decline of traditional industries such as steel and shipbuilding, the subsidy rate is higher than the above-mentioned level. At the same time, subsidies have also been used to support the development of new industries such as microelectronics. However, subsidies can also cause interference with international trade.