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抗生素这一应用科学以青霉素的正式生产和临床使用作为开始发展的标志,至今已有约40年的历史,与其它学科相比,它是比较年轻的,但取得的成就却已十分巨大。 四十年来,全世界约有38个国家开展了新抗生素筛选方面的科研工作,从自然界发现和分离了4,300种各种抗生素(其中有少部份重复),并以其中的一些主要抗生素为原料,进一步进行化学结构改造,制备了约30,000种半合成抗生素。在所发表的数以千计的抗生素中,世界各国目前实际生产和在医疗中应用的大约有120种,连同各种半合成的衍生物及盐类在内,约在350种以上。七十年代初世界抗生素产量约为35,500～43,600吨(包括农用、兽用及食品保藏用量在内,但不包括我国产量),1975年仅统计七个国家的二十个工厂生产的青霉素即达75百万磅,约相当于34,050吨,美国一个国家的抗生素产量就有8,301吨。这些数以千吨计的抗生素在保障人类的健康和增加粮食、肉类的产量等方面起到了巨大的作用。
Antibiotics, an applied science that takes the formal production and clinical use of penicillin as a mark of starting to develop, has been around for about 40 years and is young compared to other disciplines, but the achievements have been enormous. For about 40 years, about 38 countries around the world have carried out scientific research on new antibiotic screening, discovering and isolating 4,300 kinds of antibiotics (some of which are duplicates) from nature and using some of the major antibiotics as raw materials , Further chemical restructuring, prepared about 30,000 kinds of semi-synthetic antibiotics. Of the thousands of antibiotics published, about 120 currently practiced and practiced in various countries around the world are currently in use, together with about 350 different kinds of semisynthetic derivatives and salts. In the early 1970s, the world’s antibiotic production was about 35,500 ~ 43,600 tons (including the amount of agricultural, veterinary and food preservation but not China’s production). In 1975, only the penicillin produced by 20 factories in seven countries was counted 75 million pounds, equivalent to about 34,050 tons, and there is 8,301 tons of antibiotic production in a single country in the United States. These thousands of tons of antibiotics have played a huge role in safeguarding human health and increasing food and meat production.