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作物和土壤的关系,不只是机械的物理方面的关系,重要的是生物化学方面的关系。要使作物正常地发芽出苗,健壮地生长发育,理想的土壤必须具备如下标准:1.应该有一定的土体深度和耕层厚度。一般作物的根深都在1米以上,深厚的土层是养分、水分的贮存库。国际上公认理想的肥沃土壤,土体(即整个土层)深度应在1米以上。理想的耕层厚度说法不一,但因主要农作物的根系密集在0～30厘米范围内,耕层以22～30厘米深为好。目前机引农具最大耕深可达25～27厘米,深松铲入土可达25～30厘米,比过去浅耕(14～15厘米)显著增产,增产幅度一般在30％左右。
The relationship between crop and soil is not only the physical aspects of the machinery, but importantly the biochemical aspects. To make the crops germinate normally and grow robustly, the ideal soil must have the following criteria: 1. There should be a certain soil depth and thickness of the top layer. Root depth of the general crop are more than 1 m, deep soil is nutrient, water storage. Internationally accepted ideal fertile soil, soil (that is, the entire soil layer) depth should be more than 1 meter. The ideal thickness of tillage is not the same, but because the main crops are densely rooted in the range of 0-30 cm and tillage is 22-30 cm deep. At present, the maximum tillage depth of machine-driven farming implements can reach 25-27 cm. The deep-shovel shovel can reach 25-30 cm in depth, significantly increasing the yield from shallow tillage (14-15 cm) in the past, and the increase rate is generally about 30%.