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本文评述了我国15年来乙烯利刺激割胶的研究概况。在刺激剂的施用技术上,我国采用低浓度、低剂量刺激,并确定了芽接树(如PR107)的乙烯利刺激阈值为0.05％,浓度从0.05％逐渐增至10％,产量不断上升,为有效刺激至高效刺激范围;浓度超过10％,产量趋于下降,为可容忍刺激至有害刺激范围。我国普遍采用乙烯利糊剂,试验表明,这种剂型比水剂或油剂(或乳剂)为佳,是很有应用价值的新剂型。为了克服乙烯利的副作用,根据生理上的互补效应,我国开始施用乙烯利复方,以逐步取代乙烯利单方,现已发现几种乙烯利复方具有多方面的优点。在刺激割胶技术方面,我国根据刺激胶树重新建立生理平衡的观点,提出在我国植胶条件下施用乙烯利必须注意三方面的调节。首先是割面调节,包括采用缩短割线、低频割胶和轮换割面,以减轻割面的生理胁迫。其次是药量调节,我国普遍施用低浓度乙烯剂,以取代中、高浓度乙烯利刺激,取得了持续增产的良好效果。第三是营养调节,包括体内营养调节(采用产胶动态分析方法)和体外营养凋节(即增施肥料)。本文对刺激割胶树提出了只割高产原生皮,不割低产再生皮的初步设想。
This article reviews the research progress of ethephon excision tapping in China over the past 15 years. In the application of stimulants, we used low concentration and low dose to stimulate, and we determined that the threshold of ethephon stimulation of budding tree (such as PR107) was 0.05%, the concentration increased gradually from 0.05% to 10% and the yield was Effective stimulation to efficient stimulation range; concentration of more than 10%, the yield tends to decline for the tolerable stimulation to harmful stimulus range. Ethephon pastes are commonly used in our country. Experiments show that this dosage form is better than water or oil (or emulsion), which is a new formulation with great application value. In order to overcome the side effects of ethephon, China started to administer ethephon to gradually replace ethephon according to the physiological complementary effect. It has been found that several ethephon compounds have many advantages. In terms of stimulating tapping technology, according to the viewpoint of stimulating gum tree to re-establish the physiological balance, China proposed that the application of ethephon in China should pay attention to the regulation of three aspects. The first is the cut surface conditioning, including the use of short cut secant, low frequency tapping and rotating cut face, to reduce the physiological stress cutting face. Followed by the dose adjustment, China’s widespread use of low concentrations of vinyl to replace medium and high concentrations of ethephon stimulation, and achieved continued good yield. The third is nutritional regulation, including the regulation of nutrition in the body (using the method of dynamic analysis of production glue) and in vitro nutrition withers (ie, increasing fertilization). In this paper, we first proposed the idea of excising high-yielding primary skin only and not cutting low-yielding regenerative skin.