美国斯坦福大学研究人员研制了一种新型锂离子电池,首次实现温度升高时自动断电,温度降低时自动恢复,可望解决各种电器内锂离子电池易于起火的难题。新型电池以塑料为材质,嵌入细微金属镍颗粒,而颗粒表面有尖刺,尺度以纳米衡量。研究人员在带有尖刺的镍颗粒上覆以石墨烯,即厚度相当于一个原子的碳,继而把这些颗粒嵌入一层弹性聚乙烯薄膜。薄膜与 Researchers at Stanford University in the United States have developed a new type of lithium-ion battery. When the temperature rises for the first time, it automatically shuts down. When the temperature drops, it automatically recovers. It is expected to solve the problem that lithium-ion batteries in various kinds of electrical appliances may easily catch fire. The new battery is made of plastic, embedded in finely divided nickel metal particles, and spikes on the surface of the particles, measured in nanometers. The researchers covered spiked nickel particles with graphene, the equivalent of one atom of carbon, which were then embedded in a layer of flexible polyethylene film. Film and