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营养不良是导致人类继发性免疫缺陷最常见的原因,由于常伴锌缺乏,二者共同影响,可致免疫功能广泛受损。传统观念认为营养不良主要损害机体细胞免疫,体液免疫以多克隆高免疫球蛋白血症多见。近年随着细胞生物学、单克隆抗体技术及分子生物学发展,对营养不良引起的免疫功能障碍有了更深认识,发现不仅有胸腺形态学改变、皮肤迟发性超敏反应减弱,而且有T细胞及其亚群(T_h、T_s、T_c细胞等)、淋巴因子、自然杀伤细胞和K细胞的改变,巨噬细胞功能受损,体液免疫亦受损,可出现IgG亚类缺陷及其它免疫功能障碍。
Malnutrition is the most common cause of secondary immune deficiency in humans. As a common zinc deficiency, both can affect immune function extensively. The traditional concept that malnutrition mainly damage the body’s cellular immunity, humoral immunity polyclonal hyper-immunoglobulinism more common. In recent years, with the development of cell biology, monoclonal antibody technology and molecular biology, we have got a deeper understanding of immune dysfunction caused by malnutrition. We found that not only thymus morphological changes, weakened skin delayed hypersensitivity, but also T Cells and their subsets (T_h, T_s, T_c cells, etc.), changes in lymphokines, natural killer cells and K cells, impaired macrophage function, impaired humoral immunity, IgG subclass deficiencies and other immune functions obstacle.