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目的分析安徽省2004-2013年流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行病学特征,为预防控制流脑提供参考依据。方法用描述流行病学方法,对2004-2013年中国疾病预防控制信息系统报告的安徽省流脑流行特征进行分析。结果安徽省2004-2013年共报告1 457例,年平均发病率0.24/10万;死亡96例,病死率6.59%。病例主要集中在江淮地区,其中合肥市发病率最高(占全省发病总数的42.48%)。10~19岁年龄组高发,主要为中小学生。流行菌株以C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Neisseria meningitidis,Nm)为主,占所有检出菌群的86.87%。结论安徽省2004-2013年流脑流行优势菌群由A群变迁为C群,导致发病率上升,并出现新的流行特征。2009年以后,流脑防控成效显著,发病率逐年下降。2012-2013年,持续出现W135群流脑病例,表明流行隐患依然存在。应进一步加强监测,随时掌握菌群流行动态,以便采取针对性的防控措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (ICH) from 2004 to 2013 in Anhui Province and provide a reference for prevention and control of ECM. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis in Anhui Province reported by China Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2004 to 2013. Results A total of 1 457 cases were reported from 2004 to 2013 in Anhui Province, with an average annual incidence of 0.24 / 100 000; 96 died and the case fatality rate was 6.59%. The cases mainly concentrated in the Jianghuai area, of which the highest incidence in Hefei (accounting for 42.48% of the total number of the province’s incidence). 10 to 19 age group high incidence, mainly for primary and secondary students. The epidemic strains are Neisseria meningitidis group C (Nm), accounting for 86.87% of all the detected strains. Conclusion The prevalence of meningococcal meningitis in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2013 changed from group A to group C, leading to an increase of incidence and new epidemic characteristics. After 2009, meningitis prevention and control achieved remarkable results, with the incidence declining year by year. From 2012 to 2013, there continued to be cases of W135 meningitis, indicating that the epidemic risks still exist. Monitoring should be further strengthened and the prevalence of the flora should be grasped at any time in order to take targeted prevention and control measures.