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化学物引发动物的致癌反应,是通过不同机理发生的。因此,通常把化学致癌物分成两大类:一是遗传毒物,指通过对遗传物质起作用的物质;二是外遗传毒物,指通过慢性组织损伤、激素平衡失调和其他促癌作用的化学物。不同物质可引起不同类型的遗传损伤。大多数检测化学致癌物的方法是利用细菌、哺乳动物细胞;选择某些遗传毒作用如致突变作用、染色体作用、细胞转化等作为观察指标。很多试验是单终点的。因此,不是所有化学致癌物,在单一的短期试验中都能被检出。而是需要一组试验(系列实验)。
Chemical-induced animal carcinogenic reactions occur through different mechanisms. Therefore, chemical carcinogens are usually divided into two categories: one is a genotoxic agent that refers to a substance that acts on a genetic material; an epigenetic poison refers to a chemical that is damaged by chronic tissue damage, hormone balance disorders and other cancer-promoting effects . Different substances can cause different types of genetic damage. Most of the detection of chemical carcinogens is the use of bacteria, mammalian cells; select some of the genetic toxic effects such as mutagenicity, chromosome effects, cell transformation as an indicator. Many tests are single-ended. Therefore, not all chemical carcinogens can be detected in a single short-term test. Instead, we need a set of experiments (series of experiments).