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［目的］ 验证加入口腔卫生用品中的甲硝唑的遗传毒性。［方法］ 采用中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞 （ＣＨＬ） 体外染色体畸变试验和胎鼠肝血嗜多染红细胞微核试验对甲硝唑进行了检测。［结果］ 甲硝唑可引起ＣＨＬ细胞染色体的断裂、缺失和易位等结构异常， 畸变率明显高于空白对照（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）； 各剂量组胎鼠肝血嗜多染红细胞微核率均高于对照组， 中、高剂量组微核率与对照组相比差异有极显著性Ｐ＜ ０．０１）， 且存在较为明显的剂量－反应关系。［结论］甲硝唑经肠胃吸收后， 可透过胎盘屏障进入胎鼠， 并造成胎鼠肝血细胞染色体的损伤。建议有关部门应禁止或限制在口腔卫生用品中加入甲哨唑， 以避免健康人接触而造成不良后果。
[Objective] To verify the genotoxicity of metronidazole added to oral hygiene products. [Method] Metronidazole was tested by in vitro chromosomal aberration test of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CHL) and micronucleus test of fetal rat liver blood polychromatic erythrocytes. [Results] Metronidazole caused structural abnormalities such as cleavage, deletion and translocation of chromosomes in CHL cells, and the aberration rate was significantly higher than that of the blank control group (P <0.05). Metronidazole Rate were higher than the control group, medium and high-dose micronucleus rate compared with the control group there was a significant difference P <0.01), and there is a more obvious dose-response relationship. [Conclusion] Metronidazole can enter the fetal rat through the placental barrier after it is absorbed by stomach and stomach, and cause the chromosome damage of fetal liver blood cells. It is suggested that relevant departments should prohibit or restrict the inclusion of metronidazole in oral hygiene products to avoid the adverse consequences caused by the contact of healthy people.