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【目的】西北-华北-长江中下游麦区是中国小麦条锈病最主要的流行区系,准确评价大区间当前小麦品种抗条锈病性水平和抗源使用特点,为整体考量各流行区小麦抗性品种分布的合理性和确定今后的育种方向提供依据。【方法】从该区系13个省(区)征集了501份小麦当前主栽品种和后备品种,在杨凌进行苗期分小种(CYR32和CYR33)和成株期混合小种(CYR23、CYR25、CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33、Su11-4、Su11-7)人工诱发接种鉴定,在天水自然发病条件下进行抗条锈病性鉴定。【结果】参鉴小麦品种(系)中,表现为全生育期抗性的品种仅有34份,占参试品种(系)的6.8%,表现成株期抗性的品种为110份,占参试品种的22.0%,表现感病的品种(系)为356份,占供试品种(系)的71.0%;流行区系内不同地区间小麦品种抗条锈性水平存在较大差异;结合育种系谱分析,具有全生育期抗病性的品种(系)的有效抗源类型较丰富,但在品种(系)中的分布不均衡,主要集中在92R系(携带Yr26)、贵农系以及少数携带Yr24的CIMMYT抗源种质。【结论】当前中国小麦主产区小麦品种抗条锈性整体水平仍较低,必须加强病害预测预报和防治,以避免大区流行;小麦品种主要有效抗源较单一,且在不同流行区同时使用。
【OBJECTIVE】 Northwest-North China-Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River is the most prevalent epidemic area of wheat stripe rust in China. It is an accurate assessment of the resistance to stripe rust and the use of anti-stripe rust in wheat in large area. The rationality of the distribution of sex breeds and the basis for determining the future breeding direction. 【Method】 Fifty-one current cultivars and reserve cultivars of wheat were collected from 13 provinces (autonomous regions) in the district. Two hybrids (CYR23 and CYR33) , CYR29, CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, Su11-4, Su11-7) were inoculated by artificial inoculation to identify the resistance to stripe rust in the naturally occurring condition of Tianshui. 【Result】 The results showed that there were only 34 varieties which showed resistance during the whole growth period, accounting for 6.8% of the tested varieties (lines) and 110 varieties (lines) Among the tested cultivars, 22.0% of the tested cultivars showed 356 susceptible cultivars (lines), accounting for 71.0% of the tested cultivars (lines). There was a significant difference in the level of resistance to stripe rust among the wheat cultivars in different regions of the endemic area. Breeding pedigree analysis showed that the cultivars (lines) with disease resistance during the whole growth period had more effective anti-source types but were not evenly distributed among cultivars (lines), mainly in 92R line (carrying Yr26), Guinong line and A handful of CIMMYT resistant germplasm with Yr24. 【Conclusion】 At present, the overall level of resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivars is still low in China. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the prediction and control of the disease in order to avoid the epidemic in large areas. The main effective sources of resistance to wheat are single, and in different epidemic areas use.