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自1977～1978年间,在广西北部和中部地区,调查了11个县13个公社的部分山区、平原稻田蜘蛛种类。经鉴定,有11科28种,其中分布普遍数量较多的有球腹蛛科的八斑球腹蛛;微蛛科的食虫瘤胸蛛和草间小黑蛛;狼蛛科的拟水狼蛛和稻田狼蛛(拟环纹狼蛛);长脚蛛科的日本长脚蛛等六种。这些初步被定为优势种。文中揭示了早稻和晚稻两类生态系中的蜘蛛种群结构及其数量变化的差异。早稻前期和中期以微蛛科种群为主,后期以八斑球腹蛛为主;晚稻前期是微蛛和八斑球腹蛛种群为主,两者比数相当,后期以八斑球腹蛛种群占优势。水稻全生育期不使用化学农药,蜘蛛混合种群数量在早稻和晚稻后期达到最高峰。种群数量变动的主要原因及其与稻飞虱、稻叶蝉数量消长的相互关系,受人为因素影响颇大,其中长期大量使用广谱性化学农药和季节性农事操作的变更是种群数量减少的重要原因。试验表明,稻田生态系蜘蛛种群对叶蝉、飞虱有明显控制作用,在实施综合防治措施时应注意保护这一类天敌。
From 1977 to 1978, in northern and central Guangxi, we surveyed some mountain areas and plains of paddy field spiders in 13 communes in 11 counties. It has been identified, there are 11 families and 28 species, of which the distribution of a larger number of Globalsidae of the ball Spider Web venom; Micro-araneidae insectivorous chest thorax and grass black spider; Tarantula and tarantula rice fields (intertwined tarantula); long-legged Arachnida japonica long-legged spider and other six species. These are initially classified as dominant species. The paper reveals the spider population structure and quantity changes in two types of early and late rice ecosystem. The early and mid-early rice was dominated by Mythimna separata, and the latter was dominated by Chamaecaspora; the late rice was dominated by Spider spider spider and Spider spider populations, Population is dominant. During the whole growth period of rice, chemical pesticides were not used, and the mixed population of spiders peaked in late rice and late rice. The main reason of the change of population quantity and its relationship with the population decline of planthoppers and rice leafhoppers are greatly influenced by human factors. The change of long-term large-scale use of broad-spectrum chemical pesticides and seasonal agricultural operations is due to the decrease of population numbers important reason. The results showed that the spider population in paddy field ecosystem had significant control effects on leafhoppers and planthoppers. In the implementation of integrated control measures, attention should be paid to the protection of this group of natural enemies.