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技术创新在西方经济发展中起了重要作用,尤其是近30年来,科学技术的迅猛发展使得技术创新在经济与社会发展中的作用更趋重要。为了评价技术创新的水平,了解它的进展,探讨它的规律与特点,以及它与社会、经济的关系,并为政府制订促进技术创新政策提供依据,许多国家就如何评价技术创新进行了广泛的研究。由于技术创新是一个包括研究与开发、技术开发、工程开发、市场开发以及技术扩散,并涉及科技、经济、社会、文化的复杂过程,所以对其评价要包含一系列的因素,同时具有相当难度。目前尚难以建立准确的计量标准和测算方法,因此在评价方法中用得最多的仍然是指标法。本文依据文献调研及对有关人员的访谈,对英国、加拿大、美国、法国、联邦德国、意大利等国有关技术创新评价指标的研究作了简要评介。
Technological innovation has played an important role in the development of western economies. Especially in the past 30 years, the rapid development of science and technology has made the role of technological innovation in economic and social development even more important. In order to evaluate the level of technological innovation, understand its progress, explore its laws and characteristics, and its relationship with society and economy, and provide the basis for the government to formulate policies for promoting technological innovation, many countries have conducted extensive evaluations of how to evaluate technological innovation. the study. Since technological innovation is a complex process that includes research and development, technology development, engineering development, market development, and technology diffusion, and involves science and technology, economy, society, and culture, its evaluation must include a series of factors, and it is quite difficult at the same time. . It is still difficult to establish accurate measurement standards and measurement methods. Therefore, the index method is still the most used method of evaluation. Based on literature surveys and interviews with relevant personnel, this article provides a brief review of studies on the evaluation indicators of technological innovation in the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and Italy.