问题的提出长久以来在小学数学界一直认为数学有两条线——数学知识是一条明线,数学思想与方法是一条暗线。这种认识是片面性的,是不科学的。众所周知,人的学习分两种,一种是上行的学习,如理论、思想、方法、概念的学习,是从高处入手,往往具有系统性的特征。一种是下行学习,如具体的题型、 The question has long been in the elementary mathematics community has always believed that there are two lines of mathematics - mathematical knowledge is a clear line, mathematical ideas and methods is a dark line. This understanding is one-sided and unscientific. As we all know, human learning is divided into two kinds. One is upward learning, such as theory, thought, method, and concept learning. They start from a height and often have systematic features. One is down learning, such as specific questions,