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目的 :调查北京市城乡 4 0岁以上限定人群视力损害与社会经济因素的关系 ,有助于为政府制定防盲干预计划提供有关的信息。方法 :按WHO的视力损害标准 ,对北京市南部郊区榆垡和北京市区北部计八个社区 4 0岁以上人群 ,用逐户上门登记的方法进行最佳矫正视力的检查和最初引起视力损害病因的确定。符合条件的人群进行系统的眼科检查 ,包括视功能检查和眼形态学检查。分析视力损害与年龄、性别、地区、职业、文化程度和经济状况的关系。结果 :5 32 4人入选 ,实查4 4 5 1人 ,应答率农村为 79 37% ,城市为 87 15 %。受检者年龄 4 0～ 10 1岁 ,视力损害的患病率是 1 5 7% ,其中 5 6 5 %是女性。视力损害组平均年龄为 (70 19± 13 33)岁 ,其中 5 7/ 70 (81 4 3% )年龄在 6 0岁以上。非视力损害组平均年龄为 (5 5 99±10 4 4 )岁 ,两组比较有非常显著性差异 (t=12 5 36 ,P =0 0 0 0 1)。结论 :与视力损害有关的因素为高龄、低文化程度、无职业、农民和工人、低经济收入、农村地区和女性。因此 ,应在 6 0岁以上年龄、低教育程度、低收入和农村地区加强眼病的保健、宣传和防治工作 ,以降低视力损害的患病率 ,提高视力损害者的生活质量。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between visual impairment and socio-economic factors in urban and rural residents over the age of 40 in Beijing and help to provide relevant information for the government to make plans for preventing blindness. Methods: According to the standards of visual impairment of WHO, best-corrected visual acuity was checked with door-to-door registration in each of the four communities over the age of 4 in Yulong, a suburb of Beijing in the northern part of Beijing, and eight communities in the northern part of Beijing. Determine the cause. Eligible people undergo systematic eye examinations, including visual function tests and eye morphological tests. Analyze the relationship between visual impairment and age, sex, region, occupation, educational level and economic status. Results: 5324 people were enrolled in the survey, of which 4451 were investigated. The response rate was 79.37% in rural areas and 87.15% in urban areas. Subjects aged 4 to 10 years old, the prevalence of visual impairment was 15.7%, of which 56.5% were female. The average age of visual impairment group was (70 19 ± 13 33) years old, of which 57/70 (81.43%) were over 60 years old. The average age of non-visual impairment group was (5 5 99 ± 10 4 4) years old. There was a significant difference between the two groups (t = 12 5 36, P = 0 0 0 0 1). CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with visual impairment are advanced age, low education level, no job, farmer and worker, low economic income, rural areas and women. Therefore, health care, advocacy and prevention of eye diseases should be strengthened in the age of 60, education, low income and rural areas so as to reduce the prevalence of eye damage and improve the quality of life of visually impaired persons.