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间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)是一类具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的成体干细胞,具有取材方便、体外扩增能力强和免疫原性低等特点,已成为细胞治疗和组织工程的重要种子细胞。MSC治疗已经进入临床试验阶段,部分疾病已经完成Ⅲ期临床试验,证实了这种新型疗法的安全性和有效性。然而,关于MSC治疗的机制并未阐明。近几年的研究发现,间充质干细胞的分化及其旁分泌作用,可能不是其组织修复及治疗多种疾病的主要原因,而来源于间充质干细胞的膜微粒,可能是治疗过程中的主要参与者。本文就MSC膜微粒的生物学特性、作用机制及临床应用的可能性等问题进行综述。
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of adult stem cells that have the potential of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. They are easy to obtain materials, strong in vitro expansion ability and low immunogenicity, and have become the key targets of cell therapy and tissue engineering The important seed cells. MSC treatment has entered the clinical trial phase, some diseases have completed Phase III clinical trials, confirming the safety and effectiveness of this new type of therapy. However, the mechanism of MSC treatment is not elucidated. In recent years, studies have found that mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and its paracrine effect may not be the main reason for its tissue repair and treatment of various diseases. Membrane particles derived from mesenchymal stem cells may be involved in the treatment process The main participants. In this paper, the biological characteristics of MSC membrane particles, the mechanism of action and the possibility of clinical application are reviewed.