本文在对王阳明的良知、致良知、知行合一的概念和康德的纯粹实践理性概念的简要分析的基础上,对良知与纯粹实践理性进行了比较研究。在承认出自不同文化背景的道德实践理论的可比较性前提之下,本文指出两者相似之处在于共同的概念内涵、先天性、普遍性及其在各自体系中的重要性;而相异之处则在于理论归旨、形式化程度、在论证过程中的不同作用等。 Based on a brief analysis of WANG Yang-ming’s conscience, conscience, unity of knowledge and practice and Kant’s concept of purely practical reason, a comparative study of conscience and pure practice rationality is carried out. Under the premise of comparability of moral practice theories from different cultural backgrounds, this paper points out that the similarities between the two are common connotation, congenital, universal and their importance in their respective systems. Department lies in the theory of purpose, the degree of formalization, the different roles in the process of argumentation.