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目的了解家庭环境及是否留守对初中生心理健康的影响。方法从铜梁县3个中学各随机抽取2个班,共6个班,有效问卷296份,其中男生129人,女生167人。采用《家庭环境量表》(FES-CV)和《中学生心理健康量表》(M SSMHS)同时施测。结果初中生心理问题比较突出,M SSMHS各因子与FES的亲密度、情感表达、娱乐性、知识性、道德宗教观、组织性有着显著负相关。其中抑郁、焦虑、敌对与亲密度差异有统计学意义(t=-0.277,-0.262,0.275;P<0.01);强迫症状与情感表达(t=-0.143,P<0.01),情绪不平衡(t=-0.211,P<0.01);学习压力与情感表达(t=0.181,P<0.01);抑郁与娱乐性(t=-0.275,P<0.01);情绪不平衡与娱乐性(t=-0.299,P<0.01)。M SSMHS各因子与FES的矛盾性有着显著正相关(P<0.01),其中敌对、偏执、心理不平衡与矛盾差异有统计学意义(t=0.248,0.241,0.288,P<0.01)。男女在抑郁(t=-2.75,P<0.01)和焦虑(t=-3.36,P<0.01)两项有极其显著的差异,而在学习压力(t=-2.51,P<0.05)、适应不良(t=-2.26,P<0.05)以及总分(t=-2.02,P<0.05)上有显著差异。是否为“留守孩”在心理健康上的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论家庭环境对心理健康有影响,存在年级和性别差异。
Objective To understand the impact of family environment and whether or not to stay on the mental health of junior high school students. Methods Two classes were randomly selected from 3 middle schools in Tongliang county. There were 6 classes in total, with 296 valid questionnaires including 129 boys and 167 girls. Simultaneous application of FES-CV and M SSMHS. Results The psychological problems of junior high school students were prominent. The factors of M SSMHS were negatively correlated with the intimacy, emotional expression, entertaining, intellectual, moral and religious viewpoints and organizational aspects of FES. The differences of depression, anxiety, hostility and intimacy were statistically significant (t = -0.277, -0.262,0.275; P <0.01); the scores of obsessive compulsive symptom and emotion (t = -0.143, (t = -0.211, P <0.01); depression and entertainment (t = -0.275, P <0.01); emotional stress and emotional expression (t = 0.299, P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between M SSMHS and the contradiction of FES (P <0.01). Among them, hostility, paranoid, psychological unbalance and contradiction were statistically significant (t = 0.248,0.241,0.288, P <0.01). Male and female had extremely significant differences in depression (t = -2.75, P <0.01) and anxiety (t = -3.36, P <0.01) (t = -2.26, P <0.05) and the total score (t = -2.02, P <0.05). Whether the “left-behind children” in mental health differences was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion The family environment has an impact on mental health, there are grade and gender differences.