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萎缩器官、组织或细胞的体积缩小称为萎缩。萎缩是后天变化,与先天性发育不良(或发育不全)所造成的体积过小完全不同.萎缩并非均属病理现象,有些器官在人们达到一定年龄后,由于功能衰退而逐渐萎缩,称为生理性萎缩.如青春期后的胸腺,绝经期后女性的卵巢、子宫和乳腺等。病理性萎缩是机体内物质代谢障碍的结果.依照发病原因之不同,可分为神经性萎缩(如脊髓前角运动神经细胞变性和坏死,其所支配的肌肉即萎缩)、营养不良性萎缩(如局部血液供应不足但又不致引起坏死者)、废用性萎缩(如肢体长期不活动)、内分泌性萎缩(常见于甲状腺或脑垂体前叶机能不足)及压迫性萎缩(如肾盂积水之肾皮质变薄)等.
Atrophy of organs, tissues or cells is called atrophy. Atrophy is acquired changes, and with congenital dysplasia (or hypoplasia) caused by the volume is too small completely different.Atrophy is not a pathological phenomenon, some organs in people reach a certain age, due to functional decline and gradually shrink, known as the physiology Atrophy, such as thymus after puberty, postmenopausal women’s ovaries, uterus and breast and so on. Pathological atrophy is the result of material metabolism disorders in the body, which can be divided into neurogenic atrophy (such as degeneration and necrosis of the motor neurons in the spinal cord anterior horn, atrophy of the muscle at disposal), malnutrition atrophy Such as lack of local blood supply but not cause necrosis), disuse atrophy (such as long-term limb inactivity), endocrine atrophy (common in the thyroid or anterior pituitary dysfunction) and compression atrophy (such as hydronephrosis Kidney cortex thinning) and so on.