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奎屯垦区土地资源丰富,水资源较稳定,土层深厚,光热资源充足,秋季气温日差较大,十分有利于甜菜的生长发育和糖分的积累,是我区新辟甜菜主产区,1997年种植甜菜近七千公顷(10万亩),平均单产38.1吨/公顷(2.54吨/亩),其中130团400公顷(6000亩)甜菜平均63吨/公顷(4.20吨/亩),创甜菜大面积连片高产纪录。通过近几年的甜菜高产丰产,攻关实践,我们探索并总结出垦区甜菜高产栽培十大主体技术措施,现归纳如下:(一)合理选地,轮作倒茬1.合理选地首先,应选土层深厚,地势平坦,肥沃的壤土、砂壤土、轻粘土和腐殖质土等为宜,而且具有灌溉方便、排水良好的配套措施。其次,甜菜对土壤的盐碱较敏感,要求pH值为6.6～7.2,总盐量小于0.4%以下微碱性土壤上种植。对于新开荒地、收弃地和盐碱较重的地块要进行深松、洗盐、增施有机肥后方可种植。2.轮作倒茬甜菜吸肥吸水力强,生物产量高,从土壤中吸取的养分比禾谷类高2～3倍。为了恢复地力,合理调节土壤养分、水分状况,正确使用轮作倒茬,可减少甜菜病虫害的发生基数,提高甜菜的单产和含糖率。一般实行四年轮作制,在根腐病、丛根病严重的病区必须实行6～8年轮作制,切忌重茬和迎茬。
Kuitun reclamation area is rich in resources of land, water resources is more stable, deep soil, light and heat resources sufficient, great temperature difference in autumn, is very conducive to the growth and development of sugar beet accumulation, is my new sugar beet main producing areas, 1997 There are nearly 700 hectares of beet cultivated each year, with an average yield of 38.1 tons / hectare (2.54 tons / mu), of which 130 hectares (6000 acres) of beets average 63 tons / hectare (4.20 tons / mu) Large area contiguous yield record. Through the high yield and high yield of sugar beet in recent years, we explored and summed up the ten main technical measures of high-yielding beet cultivation in reclamation areas and are summarized as follows: (1) Reasonable selection and crop rotation 1. Rational selection First, Layer is deep, flat, fertile loam, sandy loam, light clay and humus soil is appropriate, but also has the convenient irrigation, drainage and good supporting measures. Second, sugar beet is more sensitive to soil salinity, requiring pH value of 6.6 to 7.2, the total salt content of less than 0.4% planted in slightly alkaline soil. For the new reclaimed land, abandoned land and heavy saline land for subsoiling, salt washing, planting organic fertilizer before planting. 2. Rotate crop beet Absorption of strong absorption of water, high bio-yield, nutrients absorbed from the soil than cereals 2 to 3 times higher. In order to restore fertility, reasonable regulation of soil nutrients, water conditions, the correct use of crop rotation, can reduce the occurrence of beet pests and diseases, improve sugar beet yield and yield. The general implementation of crop rotation system for four years, in the root rot, Rhizomatosis serious ward must be implemented 6 to 8 rotation system, should avoid repeated cropping and stubble.