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摘 要：在高中英语教学中，倒装句型一直是一个难点和重点。在写作中，学生若能恰当运用倒装句型，也能给文章增辉添彩。记住了全部倒装和部分倒装的简易规则，再进行适当练习，就能轻松掌握倒装句型。
关键词：全部倒装；部分倒装
一、概念
英语中的句子通常使用“主语+谓语”的自然语序，但有时为了强调或是语法结构的需要，也常将谓语的全部或一部分移到主语的前面，构成倒装。倒装句主要分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种情况。
二、全部倒装
全部倒装是将整个谓语置于主语的前面。完全倒装的规则可记做“主谓状、主系表，两类句型完全倒”。即用作状语或表语的副词、介词短语、形容词、分词、代词等如here， there， up， down， in， away， out， then， thus， first， in the room， on the wall， present， standing， such，等放在句首， 句子为“主谓状、主系表”结构，句子可完全倒装，构成“状谓主、表系主”句型。 如：
1.There is a table and several chairs in the room. 表系主
2.Now comes our turn to board the bus.状谓主
注意：这类句型中的主语是名词时才用倒装，主语是人称代词时则不用倒装。
如Away he went.不能写成Away went he.
高考真题演练
1.（2010江苏）---Is everyone here？
---Not yet…Look， there ____ the rest of our guests！
A.come B.comes C.is coming D.are coming
2.（2010重庆）At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River____， one of the ten largest cities in China.
A.lies Chongqing B.Chongqing lies C.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie
3.（2010陕西）John opened the door. There ____ he had never seen before.
A.a girl did stand B.a girl stood C.did a girl stand D.stood a girl
三、部分倒装
部分倒装是将助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语之前，而谓语主体仍然位于主语之后。若谓语只有一个行为动词，则应根据时态和人称添加助动词do/does/did，主语后的行为动词用动词原形。部分倒装的规则可记作“否、只、如、也放句首，尽管、虚拟部分倒”。
（1）“否”即具有否定意义的副词如never， not， nor，hardly， scarcely， little， seldom， barely， rarely及表示否定意义的短语如at no time， in no case， by no means，on no condition， under no circumstances等位于句首时， 句子要部分倒装。如：
1.（2012江西）Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
2（2010四川）We laugh at jokes， but seldom do we think about how they work.
3.（2009陕西）Little did Rose care about her own safety， though she was in great danger herself.
注意：Not until放句首时，“主倒从不倒”，即主句倒装而从句不倒装。Hardly/ Scarcely…when…，No sooner… than …以及Not only…but also…句型则遵循“前倒后不倒”原则，即前面倒装而后面不倒装。
1.（2012辽宁）Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday abroad.
2.（2009全国）The computer was used in teaching. As a result， not only was teacher’s energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.
3.No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher came into the classroom.
=Hardly/Scarcely had the bell rung when the teacher came into the classroom.
（2）“只”即意為“只有… …” 的only+介词短语、副词或状语从句位于句首时 ， 句子要部分倒装。如：
1.（2008江西）It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes. 2.（2008重庆）Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
注意：当only+主语放在句首时，句子不倒装。如：Only the top students passed the exam.
（3）“如”即表示“如此… …以至于… …”的so/ such …that …结构中，so/such 位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。如：
1.（2009山东）So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.
2.（2008上海）So much of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
注意：此类句型“主倒从不倒”， 即主句倒装从句不倒装。如不能表达为：So successful was her business that was Marie able to set up new branches everywhere.
（4）“也”即当意为“也”的so和“也不”的nor/neither位于句首时。构成句型：so/ neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语。如：
1.（2012重庆）The headmaster will not permit the change in the course， nor will he even give it a thought.
2.（2012四川）This is not my story， nor is it the whole story. My story plays out differently.
注意：若是对前面内容的肯定或附和，前后两句的主语指的是同一个人或物时，so意为“确实”，主谓不倒装。如：
1.---Tom works hard. ---So he does. 他确实用功。
2.---It’s a fine day today. ---So it is. 天确实很好。
（5）“尽管”即在意为“尽管” 的as /though引导引导让步状从句时，通常将表语的形容词或分词、名词、修饰从句谓语动词的副词或把从句中主要的行为动词提前，其余部分位置不变。这种形式的倒装并不是主谓语的倒装，而是一种特殊形式的倒装。如：
1.（2011全国I）Try as she might， she couldn’t get the door open.
2.（2009重庆）Unsatisfied though he was with the payment， he took the job just to get some work experience.
注意：若表语为名词时，之前不能加冠词。如： Girl as she is， she is brave.
不能表达为表达：A girl as she is， she is brave.
（6）“虚拟”即用了虚拟语气的条件句中可省略if，而将were/ had/should提到主語前，构成部分倒装。此规则可记作“if虚拟条件句， if一词若省去，should、 had、were前提”。如：
1.If it should rain tomorrow， the sports meet would be put off.
=Should it rain tomorrow， the sports meet would be put off.
2.If I had worked harder， I would have passed the exam.
=Had I worked harder， I would have passed the exam.
高考真题演练
1.（2013新课标全国卷）Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent____ properly in this hospital.
A.can be the patients treated B.can the patients be treated
C.the patients can be treated D.treated can be the patients
2.（2013湖南卷）Not once ____ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
A.occurred it B.it did occur C.it occurred D.did it occur
学生若能把倒装句恰当用于写作，定能得老师青睐而提分。如2013年高考写作中的句子：
1.陕西：尽管我很累，却感到前所未有的高兴。
Tired as I was， I never felt so happy.
2.安徽：我不但要自己做到不扔垃圾和吐痰，也会在任何可能的时候帮忙打扫马路。
Not only will I keep from littering or spitting anywhere， but I
will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.
3.江西：他不但让我们接近自然和让我们脱离沉重的功课得到休闲，而且增进了我们之间的友谊。
Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work， it also promoted the friendship among us.
4.福建：只有这样我们才能独立而且真正的成功。
Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.
这样，通过理解例句，再加上结合高考原题进行巩固练习，学生就能掌握倒装句型的简易规则，从而轻松搞定倒装句型。
关键词：全部倒装；部分倒装
一、概念
英语中的句子通常使用“主语+谓语”的自然语序，但有时为了强调或是语法结构的需要，也常将谓语的全部或一部分移到主语的前面，构成倒装。倒装句主要分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种情况。
二、全部倒装
全部倒装是将整个谓语置于主语的前面。完全倒装的规则可记做“主谓状、主系表，两类句型完全倒”。即用作状语或表语的副词、介词短语、形容词、分词、代词等如here， there， up， down， in， away， out， then， thus， first， in the room， on the wall， present， standing， such，等放在句首， 句子为“主谓状、主系表”结构，句子可完全倒装，构成“状谓主、表系主”句型。 如：
1.There is a table and several chairs in the room. 表系主
2.Now comes our turn to board the bus.状谓主
注意：这类句型中的主语是名词时才用倒装，主语是人称代词时则不用倒装。
如Away he went.不能写成Away went he.
高考真题演练
1.（2010江苏）---Is everyone here？
---Not yet…Look， there ____ the rest of our guests！
A.come B.comes C.is coming D.are coming
2.（2010重庆）At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River____， one of the ten largest cities in China.
A.lies Chongqing B.Chongqing lies C.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie
3.（2010陕西）John opened the door. There ____ he had never seen before.
A.a girl did stand B.a girl stood C.did a girl stand D.stood a girl
三、部分倒装
部分倒装是将助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语之前，而谓语主体仍然位于主语之后。若谓语只有一个行为动词，则应根据时态和人称添加助动词do/does/did，主语后的行为动词用动词原形。部分倒装的规则可记作“否、只、如、也放句首，尽管、虚拟部分倒”。
（1）“否”即具有否定意义的副词如never， not， nor，hardly， scarcely， little， seldom， barely， rarely及表示否定意义的短语如at no time， in no case， by no means，on no condition， under no circumstances等位于句首时， 句子要部分倒装。如：
1.（2012江西）Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
2（2010四川）We laugh at jokes， but seldom do we think about how they work.
3.（2009陕西）Little did Rose care about her own safety， though she was in great danger herself.
注意：Not until放句首时，“主倒从不倒”，即主句倒装而从句不倒装。Hardly/ Scarcely…when…，No sooner… than …以及Not only…but also…句型则遵循“前倒后不倒”原则，即前面倒装而后面不倒装。
1.（2012辽宁）Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday abroad.
2.（2009全国）The computer was used in teaching. As a result， not only was teacher’s energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.
3.No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher came into the classroom.
=Hardly/Scarcely had the bell rung when the teacher came into the classroom.
（2）“只”即意為“只有… …” 的only+介词短语、副词或状语从句位于句首时 ， 句子要部分倒装。如：
1.（2008江西）It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes. 2.（2008重庆）Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
注意：当only+主语放在句首时，句子不倒装。如：Only the top students passed the exam.
（3）“如”即表示“如此… …以至于… …”的so/ such …that …结构中，so/such 位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。如：
1.（2009山东）So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.
2.（2008上海）So much of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
注意：此类句型“主倒从不倒”， 即主句倒装从句不倒装。如不能表达为：So successful was her business that was Marie able to set up new branches everywhere.
（4）“也”即当意为“也”的so和“也不”的nor/neither位于句首时。构成句型：so/ neither/nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语。如：
1.（2012重庆）The headmaster will not permit the change in the course， nor will he even give it a thought.
2.（2012四川）This is not my story， nor is it the whole story. My story plays out differently.
注意：若是对前面内容的肯定或附和，前后两句的主语指的是同一个人或物时，so意为“确实”，主谓不倒装。如：
1.---Tom works hard. ---So he does. 他确实用功。
2.---It’s a fine day today. ---So it is. 天确实很好。
（5）“尽管”即在意为“尽管” 的as /though引导引导让步状从句时，通常将表语的形容词或分词、名词、修饰从句谓语动词的副词或把从句中主要的行为动词提前，其余部分位置不变。这种形式的倒装并不是主谓语的倒装，而是一种特殊形式的倒装。如：
1.（2011全国I）Try as she might， she couldn’t get the door open.
2.（2009重庆）Unsatisfied though he was with the payment， he took the job just to get some work experience.
注意：若表语为名词时，之前不能加冠词。如： Girl as she is， she is brave.
不能表达为表达：A girl as she is， she is brave.
（6）“虚拟”即用了虚拟语气的条件句中可省略if，而将were/ had/should提到主語前，构成部分倒装。此规则可记作“if虚拟条件句， if一词若省去，should、 had、were前提”。如：
1.If it should rain tomorrow， the sports meet would be put off.
=Should it rain tomorrow， the sports meet would be put off.
2.If I had worked harder， I would have passed the exam.
=Had I worked harder， I would have passed the exam.
高考真题演练
1.（2013新课标全国卷）Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent____ properly in this hospital.
A.can be the patients treated B.can the patients be treated
C.the patients can be treated D.treated can be the patients
2.（2013湖南卷）Not once ____ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
A.occurred it B.it did occur C.it occurred D.did it occur
学生若能把倒装句恰当用于写作，定能得老师青睐而提分。如2013年高考写作中的句子：
1.陕西：尽管我很累，却感到前所未有的高兴。
Tired as I was， I never felt so happy.
2.安徽：我不但要自己做到不扔垃圾和吐痰，也会在任何可能的时候帮忙打扫马路。
Not only will I keep from littering or spitting anywhere， but I
will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.
3.江西：他不但让我们接近自然和让我们脱离沉重的功课得到休闲，而且增进了我们之间的友谊。
Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work， it also promoted the friendship among us.
4.福建：只有这样我们才能独立而且真正的成功。
Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.
这样，通过理解例句，再加上结合高考原题进行巩固练习，学生就能掌握倒装句型的简易规则，从而轻松搞定倒装句型。