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表观遗传是指DNA序列不发生变化但基因表达却发生了可遗传改变,如DNA甲基化。表观遗传可以在细胞分裂过程中遗传影响正常的基因表型,与包括糖尿病在内的许多人类疾病患病相关。此外,MicroRNA(miRNA)作为单链的18～25个核苷酸的小分子RNA,使本已复杂的基因表达调控系统更为错综复杂。通过探讨基因表达两个关键的后续过程:DNA甲基化和miRNA表达,进一步阐述表观遗传学与糖尿病患病风险的相关性。
Epigenetic refers to the DNA sequence does not change but the gene expression has undergone genetic changes, such as DNA methylation. Epigenetics can genetically affect the normal phenotype during cell division and is associated with many human diseases, including diabetes. In addition, MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as single-stranded 18-25-nucleotide small RNAs, complicate the already complex gene expression regulatory system. By exploring two key follow-up processes of gene expression: DNA methylation and miRNA expression, we further elucidate the relationship between epigenetics and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus.